Journal of Counseling Research

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Purpose: The aim of this research is developing a moral model for Safe and   violence free family for based on Naraqi’s ideas in the book "Jameo' Alsa'adat" (1388). Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using themes analysis and synthesis. For intellectual foundations of the therapy, Naraghi's ideas were used. Themes of moral treatment were extracted from books about morality, especially those of Naraghi's Jameo' Alsa'adat, and for developing the moral treatment model, the moral themes were combined with themese from Norcross and Prochaska's (2007) about processes and stages of change (SOC). Results: Human soul has four drives: intellect, anger, lust, and imagination. If the intellect drive prevails over the other drives, this would lead to moderation. Anger and violence is the result of indulgence in rage. According to studies by Prochaska and Norcross (2007), the changes go through a gradual, predictable and stage-based process. The steps of change in the moral model have been designed based on the stages of change which are: explanation of personality ("sha'akele"), soul drives recognition, consciousness about priority of motives, recognition of barriers to change, limiters to consciousness, mobilization in the dimensions of wisdom, trust and effort, meditation, self questioning, attention to the positions of landslides, reviewing, and continuity. Conclusion: Naraghi explained human nature pathology, mental health, and intellect cultivation, so for controling violence, which is indulgence in rage, one can use and benefit from steps set forth in the ethical treatment model. 

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated model of self-actualization based on humanistic theories to resolve problems in previous classifications. Method: The research method is qualitative thematic analysis with the statistical population of humanistic psychology texts including "Motivation and Personality", "The Farther Reaches of Human Nature", "Religions, Values ​​and Peak Experiences" and the article "Self-Actualization and Beyond" from Maslow; Rogers's book "On Becoming a Person"; "Man’s Search for Meaning" and "The Will to Meaning" from Frankl and "Pattern and Growth in Personality" and "Becoming" from Allport. Thematic analysis was applied to analyse data. After reviewing the texts and coding of the concepts, the themes were identified, classified and named. Results: Analysis of the Humanistic Psychologists texts was conducted to four main themes. The findings show that self-actualization has four " transcendental self", "aware self", "creative self" and "social self" factors. Conclusion: According to the model achieved in this study, developing a scale to measure self-actualization based on this integrated model, would reduce the effect of definition differences on self-actualization scores in various cultures.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the parent-adolescent perception about the flexibility of family boundaries based on development.

Method: this research was done by qualitative research method and phenomenological approach. By convenience sampling, 10 girl adolescents aged from 15 to 18 and their mothers aged 37 to 55 were selected and their perceptions of family boundaries were studied by deep semi-structured interviews. Then the data were classified and coded and the results were expressed by validity report method.

Findings: the analysis of participants’ experiences leaded to three main themes which include flexibility, lack of flexibility and exorbitant flexibility of family boundaries from parents and their adolescents’ point of view. Also from each of the three themes above, 14, 5 and 1 sub-themes in parents and 3, 5 and 6 sub-themes in adolescents were gained.

Conclusion: the results showed that according to the in transition context of the society of Iran, none of the two conditions of lack of flexibility and exorbitant flexibility can meet the adolescents’ needs and protect the basic security of family. Hence it seems essential for the officials of mental health, to make parents aware of how to balance the boundaries inside the family. Also conducting negotiations on family rules and the compliance of parents on the boundaries were the preventing factors of problems in families with flexible boundaries, that ignoring them in families with strict or permissive boundaries causes dissatisfaction in adolescents and makes the basic security of family at risk.

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Aim: Television and news programs are full of scenes that remind us that life will no doubt end. The purpose of this study was to investigate the representation of death news and its exciting symbols in virtual news channels. Methods: The research method was qualitative and thematic analysis was used. The population of the study included virtual news channel contents and the sample were four high-profile news channels in which the news of death during the period of May-August 2019 was reviewed. Month and channel selection were random and sampling continued until data saturation. Findings: Based on the analysis of news themes, the representation of death news was categorized in ten themes: physical and disease complications, unintentional accidents, brain death, alcohol and drug abuse, suicide, mass killing, murder, retribution, negligence leading to death, and death and killing of animals, as well as representations of attention-grabbing practices and increased excitement were categorized into five themes of stimulating imagination (sensitive location and time of occurrence, symbol of fear and apprehension and conflict), imaginative symbols (sympathetic and associative, unfinished affair and ambiguity), quantitative symbols (statistical increase and volume of news coverage, symbols of importance (reporter’ responsibility and fame), and references to taboos (rape leading to death). Conclusion: The difference between the representations of mortality factors in research and news differs in presenting prevention methods in research. Meanwhile, in the news of death, awareness and the provision of useful preventive strategies have been nearly zero. This causes continuous rumors of negative events that increase emotions of sadness, fear and anger and cause people to feel insecure.

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Objective: Resilience is a positive psychological component that focuses on individual abilities to cope with adverse life events. Several factors play a role in increasing resilience, including genetic, environmental, and educational backgrounds. Resilience can also play a boosting role for the immune system. Humor is a positive trait in life that some approaches, such as the psychoanalytic, see it as a defensive strategy against stress and a kind of relief. Researches shows that humor plays an important role in improving the function of the immune system against stress by improving resilience. The present study aimed to study the role of humor in women's resilience against the psychological pressures of quarantine days because of Covid-19 Virus qualitatively. Method: This study was conducted by studying the lived experiences of women during the outbreak of this pandemic, by phenomenological method. The research community included women who answered positively to the question of whether humor in quarantine played a role in your daily life. A purposeful sampling was used and 18 participants were interviewed until saturation. The research tools were semi-structured interviews and analysis of findings were performed by seven-stage phenomenological Kolizey’s method. Results: After coding the interviews and categorizing the sub-topics, for the first question, seven main topics "reducing stress levels, balancing life, being creative, distancing oneself from adversity, increasing happiness, strengthening patients' morale, and empathizing with the plight of others." Were obtained, and the core theme was "Choosing humorous strategies by reducing stress and creatively directing life, restoring balance to life and making people more resilient to the harsh conditions of the quarantine period." For the second question, the 5 main themes of "extensive use of resources, purposeful jokes with selective content, improvisational use and creativity, connecting jokes, and position-appropriate jokes" with the core theme of "The humor which increases resilience is in accordance with circumstances, creative, and it aims to strengthen interpersonal ties." Were obtained. Conclusion: The present study showed that humor can make it easier to endure the difficult conditions of quarantine and even illness and cause a more appropriate response to stress in crisis situations by strengthening morale and creating personal vitality.

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Aim: The purpose of the present study was to discuss the implications of the lessons from the Quran in managing the roles and relationships in couples. Methods: Using the qualitative method and applying content analysis, all verses related to couples from Quran were explored. Results: According to the results of the study, the main identified themes for the stage of marriage included romantic relationships, couples’ roles, boundaries, distribution of family management, financial relationships, sexual relationships, and conflict resolution in couples’ relationships.  Conclusion: Based on the lessons from the Quran, the religious attitude can be considered a powerful tool in order to decrease marital conflicts and eventually in increasing marital satisfaction.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions of the experiences of spouse selection in divorce-seeking individuals. Methods: The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach and phenomenological design. The participants consisted of 10 divorce-seeking individuals, whom were referred with their spouse to the family court of Dezful to file for divorce. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using the seven-step Colaizzi method. Results: The results showed that the process of dating in divorce-seeking individuas lies in the two ends of the dating continuum: unconventional and deconstructive or completely traditional and without gradually getting to know each other. Also in divorce-seeking individuals, ignorance, forced marriage or marriage based on emotional criteria, benefits and materialities, caused the criteria to be disregarded, or the criteria did not match the potential future spouse. As a result, the process of determining the criteria was taken lightly. Conclusion: If the process of dating and determining the criteria is taken lightly or without awareness and self-determination (freedom), marriage, whether traditional or non-traditional, is more likely to lead to a decision to separate.
 

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Parent-child interaction and the factors that lead to the improvement and promotion of this interaction are among the important and favorite fields for researchers. The present study was conducted to develop a curriculum for positive parent-child interaction, based on the lived experiences of parents of children with ADHD. This research is of qualitative type which has been done using phenomenological methodology. The study population consisted of mothers with children having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who referred to counseling clinics in welfare districts 1 and 3 of Tehran during the year 2020 who had first-hand experience of the phenomenon. Purposeful sampling included mothers with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. After administering the CSI-4 Child Symptoms Questionnaire (Gado and Sprafkin 1997) and the Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (Pianta 1994) to these mothers, those who scored above average were interviewed in a semi-structured interview and this process continued until a theoretical saturation was reached. Interviews were analyzed using the seven-step Claysian method. By adapting the obtained sub-themes below these main themes with the characteristics of the stages of change of Prochaska and Norcross 1992 (translated by Avadis Jans, 1399), the steps of the positive parent-child interaction program were developed. By analyzing the research findings, the following main themes were identified as characteristics of lived experiences of mothers with positive parent-child interaction with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: Managing the child's energy level, monitoring tasks and responsibilities, supportive and organized mother-child relationship and situation management dependent on hyperactivity. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the developed program of positive parent-child interaction is practical and counselors can use this program in working with mothers with children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.