Journal of counseling research

Development and Validation of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Skills of Couples Scale

ozra etemadi

The purpose of the present study is to develop and evaluate psychometric properties of the Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Skills of Couples Scale (IISCS). In terms of testing, the research method was of descriptive type and the sampled statistical population included married men and women living in the city of Tehran, Iran. In this respect, 470 Iranian married men and women (277 women and 193 men) volunteered to participate in the given study.
The resulting scale in this study was the Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Skills of Couples Scale (IISCS). To develop this scale, the first step involved planning for the subject matter of the test and the second step contained designing a questionnaire based on theoretical foundations and reviews of existing questionnaires. The given scale was implemented in two stages and the final questionnaire was analyzed in order to assess its construct validity through measurement methods including internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient), Pearson correlation coefficient, test-retest method, exploratory factor analysis, as well as confirmatory factor analysis.
According to the findings of this study, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients (internal consistency) were from 0.65 to 0.78 and the results of the test-retest method confirmed the correlation coefficients between 0.54 and 0.81. In this regard, the results of confirmatory factor analysis revealed a goodness of fit index (GFI) equal to 0.95. Likewise, the goodness of fit index (GFI) was 0.95 and the adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) was equal to 0.91 which showed a favorable goodness of fit for the model. The normed fit index (NFI) and the comparative fit index (CFI) were respectively equal to 0.93 and 0.95 indicating the desirable goodness of fit for the model. Furthermore, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.43 which suggested a favorable goodness of fit for the given model. The results of this study showed that the Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Skills of Couples Scale (IISCS) benefited from sufficient reliability, validity, and goodness of fit to measure such constructs among Iranian samples.

Determining the Effectiveness of the Group Education of Seligman's Positive Psychology and the Islamic Approach based on Quranic Teachings on Increasing the Happiness of Married Women

Abdollah ShafiabadY

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group education of positive psychology and Islamic approach based on Quranic teachings on increasing the happiness of employed married women. The present study was a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test with control group and one-month post-test follow-up test. Among the statistical population, 75 people were selected by stratified sampling method and randomly divided into three groups of 25 (experimental and control). The education was positively oriented with the Quranic teachings of eight weekly 90-minute sessions. Oxford Happiness was a questionnaire. Findings showed that there was a significant difference between the expectations of the experimental groups compared to the control group (p <0.001) and the Qur'anic method in comparison with the positivist on increasing happiness Has been more effective. As a result, we can say that by developing these approaches, happiness increases

Comparing the efficacy of Family therapy based on Bowen’s family systems theory and logo therapy on the divorce applicant clients' tendency to marital infidelity

Mokhtar Arfi

Abstract
Objective: This study sets out to examine comparing the effectiveness of family therapy based on Bowen’s family systems theory and logo therapy on the divorce applicant clients' tendency to marital infidelity.Methodology: The design of the study is experimental and in the form of pretest and post test conducted on the tow experimental and one control group. The population includes all of the female counseling applicants of Sanandaj, one of the provinces of Kurdistan. 30 subjects were selected at the tow experimental and one control group based on random among the data population. Using the tools of love styles, the scales of independent variables of love styles of women were measured within female counseling applicants (pretest) and in the end, based on random situation sampling, subjects were arranged in two 15- groups i.e. Bowen family systems theory therapy and evidence group. Results: The results of repeated measurs test showed that the effect of family therpy based on logo therapy and the effect of family therapy based on Bowen’s family systems theory on reducing the tendency to reduction of marital infidelity reduction and reducing its components (cognitive, emotional and sexual infidelity) in divorce applicant clients' are significant and stable (P-value <0.05). The results of the BONFERRONI follow up test showed that the family therpy based on logo therapy in comparison with other interventions was more effective in reducing the marital infidelity and reducing its components (P-value <0.05). Conclusion: Participating in family therapy based on Bowen’s family systems theory, and even better, participate in family therpy based on logo therapy can be reduction of marital infidelity significantly and consistently.

Interpersonal conflicts in married peoples who were required to take care of an elderly parent (a qualititative study)

ali mohammad nazari

The Interpersonal Conflicts of Married People Obliged to Care for their Old Parents: A Qualitative Study
Abstract
Objective: This survey aims to identify interpersonal conflicts of the married people obliged to take care of their old parents.
Methodology: This survey was conducted by adopting qualitative method and phenomenological approach. Participants of this survey were married people with children who lived in Qom City during 2016 and took care of their old parents. The statistical sample includes 13 individuals (n=8 female and n=5 male) selected through objective sampling method. The size was determined through saturation principle. Data collection was done through semi-structured interview and analysis of collected data was done based on Collaizi's seven-step method. The method includes a range of steps from reading interview transcriptions to validation of findings.
Findings: The interpersonal conflicts that participants experienced were categorized into four classes namely siblings' conflicts (disagreement and maladjustment), marital conflicts (marital deprivations, maladjustment, promotion of bad moods and tripartite conflicts), parent-child conflict (low attention to children, maladjustment, problems of young children, tripartite conflict), and child-parent conflicts (enmeshment, maladjustment).
Conclusion: Findings of present survey suggest that caring after old parent(s) by their adult children may contribute to certain interpersonal conflicts between such adults and their own children. However, comparison of current findings with conclusions of previous surveys suggest that this issue is not an absolute as other factors such as socioeconomic status, familial condition, parent’s previous attention to his/her child, and children’s normal and motivational beliefs affect the event.
Keywords: Interpersonal Conflicts, Married People, Care, Old Parents.

The Perspective of Counselors and Psychotherapists about the Role of Religiosity in Couples' Sexual Satisfaction and Marital Intimacy: A Qualitative Study

Yaser Madani

Purpose: The quality of sexual relationship and marital intimacy are important topics of post-marriage experience. Similarly, religiosity is commonly considered as an influential framework for life. Past research has not been able to accurately discover or illustrate the opinions of experts in the area of couples counseling about the relationship between these dimensions. Therefore, this research was conducted to examine the marriage and family experts’ points of view about the role of religiosity in sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy of couples. Methods: Qualitative approach of phenomenological type was used. For this, ten individuals who were counselors or psychologist with active working experience with couples were interviewed according to qualitative protocols. Data collected from interviews were then analyzed using features available in Microsoft Word software. Results: In the open-coding, 147 initial codes were produced, while the axial-coding based on thematic similarities yielded 24 categorical codes. One of the main questions asked of the participants was “what role can religiosity play in the quality of couple’s relationship?” Overall, according to the analysis of the responses obtained, religiosity plays a positive role in sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy of couples. However, some of the participants mentioned a few points as reservations to be considered which are covered in the current article. Conclusion: Counselors’ and psychotherapists’ perceptions about role and relation between variables of religiosity, sexual satisfaction, and marital intimacy are important. Of the main findings of the present study was interviewees’ describing the prerequisite or complementary context for capitalizing on positive effects of religiosity in sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy. situation was that the interviewees as it is a prerequisite for receiving a positive impact or supplement and religiosity on the significant sex and marital intimacy.

the relationship between the cognitive constructs of those who crave for marriage and those who elude marriage and psychological well-being and meaning of life

mohammad mostafavi

The study aims at investigating the relationship between the cognitive constructs of those who crave for marriage and those who elude marriage and psychological well-being and meaning of life. This is a descriptive research conducted using the correlational method. The statistical sample includes 106 people either eluding or craving for marriage, who were selected by simple random sampling method. The data collection tools used in this study included the researcher-made questionnaire of marriage approach, Reef's Psychological Well-being Questionnaire, the Questionnaire of Desire for Marriage, and Steger's Meaning in Life Questionnaire. In terms of the purpose, this is a fundamental research with applied implications and has been conducted in two steps. First, it has begun by collecting qualitative data to design the marriage approach scale in two stages, with the qualitative method used in the first stage and the correlational method used in the second stage. The research data were collected in the first stage using the qualitative method based on theories and using in-depth interviews with two groups of people, one eluding marriage and the other craving for marriage. Having made the questionnaire in the second stage, we evaluated its validity and reliability (using Lawshe's model to evaluate its validity and using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient to evaluate its reliability). The statistical analysis of the second research question showed that the coefficient of the correlation between psychological well-being and marriage approach did not exceed 0.85. Therefore, there is no multicolinearity between the variables (p>0.05), and no significant association was observed in any one of the cases between psychological well-being and the marriage approach, and thus the research hypothesis is rejected. The statistical analysis of the third research question showed that, regardless of the total score of psychological well-being, the coefficient of the correlation between the meaning of life and marriage approach did not exceed 0.85. Therefore, there is no multicolinearity between the variables (p>0.05). On the other hand, the results showed that the search for meaning in life has no significant relationship with any one of the dimensions of psychological well-being (p>0.05), but the presence of meaning in life has a significant positive relationship with all dimensions of psychological well-being (p<0.05).

The effect of the quality of family and family life satisfaction in reducing anxiety and depression in children and moderating role of parenting stress

MohamadSajjad Seydi

Aim : This study aimed to investigating the role of Satisfaction with family life and the Quality of family life in the Anxiety and depression in children and other objective was to test the mediating role of parenting stress.
Methods: For this purpose 499 parents of female students were selected by random cluster sampling. They completed the Kansas Family Life Satisfaction Scale Family, Quality of Family Life Scale, Parenting Stress Index - Short Form and Rutter Child Behavior Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling.
Results: The results of data analysis showed all paths Satisfaction with family life and the Quality of family life to Anxiety and depression has been significant and negative.
Conclusion: Parenting stress played a mediating role and was a good model fit indices. Either Focus on Quality factors created in family life and Reduce parenting stress to Reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression in children.

اثربخشی رویکرد تقویت منابع مقابله ای خانواده بر بهزیستی روانشناختی سالمندان مستمری بگیر سازمان بازنشستگی کشوری

ebrahim naeimy

هدف: پژوهش حاضر اثربخشی رویکرد تقویت منابع مقابله ای خانواده بر بهزیستی روان شناختی سالمندان مستمری بگیر سازمان بازنشستگی کشوری ساکن در شهرستان قائم شهر را مورد بررسی قرار داده است. روش: طرح پژوهش از نوع نیمه آزمایشی پیش آزمون و پس آزمون با گروه کنترل است. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر کلیه سالمندان مستمری بگیر در سازمان بازنشستگی کشوری شهرستان قائم شهر در سال 1396 بودند. روش نمونه گیری تصادفی بود. به این ترتیب که نمونه های آن بر حسب تصادف از فهرست اسامی واجد شرایط سازمان بازنشستگی کشوری انتخاب شدند و پیامک دعوت به شرکت در جلسات گروهی به آنها داده شد. 15 نفر از سالمندان در گروه آزمایش و 15 نفر در گروه کنترل قرار داده شدند. برنامه اثربخشی رویکرد تقویت منابع مقابله ای خانواده در 8 جلسه 1 الی 1و نیم ساعته برای گروه آزمایش به اجرا درآمد.کلیه شرکت کنندگان پرسشنامه بهزیستی روان شناختی ریف (1989) را تکمیل نمودند. یافته ها: تحلیل داده ها از طریق تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره نشان داد که برنامه اثربخشی رویکرد تقویت منابع مقابله ای خانواده، بهزیستی روان شناختی و مؤلفه های آن را در سالمندان ارتقا داده است. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به اثربخش بودن رویکرد تقویت منابع مقابله ای خانواده، ارائه مداخله های آموزشی مبتنی بر این رویکرد مشاوره ای بر نمونه های مختلف بالینی می تواند موثر واقع شود. واژگان کلیدی: رویکرد تقویت منابع مقابله ای خانواده، بهزیستی روان شناختی،سالمند