Journal of counseling research

The Study of Marriage Postponement Process in the Youth: A Phenomenological Study

Asieh Shariatmadar

Aim: The purpose of this study was to study the phenomenological process of postponing marriage in young people in order to understand different aspects of this phenomenon and how young people perceive it. Methods: To achieve the research goal, a qualitative approach and a descriptive phenomenological method were utilized. The research population included single and never-married girls and boys living in Tehran between the ages of 28 to 34 years for girls, and 32 to 38 years for boys. Purposeful sampling was used with the convenient sampling and 13 individuals including 7 girls and 6 boys were selected as the sample.y. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed by Colaizzi method. Finding: Finally, the research findings reported falls into 12 main themes and 61 sub-themes. The main themes are: economic concerns, idealism, fear of future marriage, the impact of premarital relationships, motivational processes, immaturity and readiness for marriage, the role of family barriers, socio-cultural factors, selection constraints, preconceived notions of marriage, positive consequences and negative consequences. Conclusions: The results showed that postponing marriage is a complex phenomenon which is affected by objective constraints, limiting mental perceptions and insufficient maturity and has many negative consequences for young people. It seems that the efforts of the counseling and psychological community to produce content in the fields of creating a culture of easy marriage process, reviving the values of marriage, correcting the misconceptions of young people, and dissemination of successful marriages in the social media and networks, is an effective step to remove mental barriers of marriage.

Investigating communication actions in successful marriages:A Qualitative study

kiumars Farahbakhsh

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the communication actions of successful marriages. Method: This study was conducted in a qualitative manner based on grounded theory. Society: The research includes successful couples based on their own admission, examining the achievements of their joint lives and implementing the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1993), the short form of which was validated by Alidousti et al successful and satisfied were selected. In total, (10 couples) were studied in Ahvaz city in 1401 by purposeful sampling until the theoretical saturation of the data. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview using Strauss and Corbin's method of constant comparison analysis. Findings: The analysis of the findings showed that communication actions in successful marriages have four main components including, main family functions, suitable marriage formation factors; Effective communication skills and character formation in childhood. Conclusion: A successful marriage is related to the family structure of people. Therefore, experts can use the concepts extracted in this research to identify and examine the communication characteristics of successful families, which is a guide in couples therapy and pre-marital counseling.

A Meta-Analysis of Couples Coping Enhancement Training (CCET) Effectiveness from 2000 to 2022

Omid Isanejad

Aim: Many studies have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of couple coping skills training. Many of these studies found substantial differences when compared to the control group, however, the exact effect is unclear, and more research is needed to integrate these findings. The goal of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of Couples Coping Enhancement Training (CCET). Methods: Twenty studies that can be investigated in terms of technique were chosen and analyzed. SID.IR, Magiran.com, Noormags.com, Sciencedirect.com, jstor.org, tandfonline.com, Wiley.com, link.springer.com, APA and Google Scholar databases are among the information search resources. Couples coping enhancement training (CCET) was the search term. CMA2 software and Hedges' g index were used for data analysis and effect size calculation. Results: The findings of this meta-analysis showed that the fixed effect size of CCET is 0.27 and the random effect size is 0.13. When the heterogeneity of results was examined using Cochran's Q test, the Q value was 2488.87 and the I-squared value was 92.16, both of which were significant (p > 0.001). As a result, the effect sizes vary, and the random effect model should be used to examine the effects. The g value of the random Hedges was 0.27 (p < 0.001). Clinically, this value is regarded as less than usual. As a result, it was decided that CCET was ineffective. Furthermore, a comparison of effects in studies conducted in Iran (64 studies) and Switzerland (132 studies) reveals that the fixed and random Hedges' g in Iran are 0.62 and 0.73, respectively, and 0.06 and 0.09 in Switzerland. The value of I square in both societies is higher than 0.90. Hedges' g has a minor effect on Swiss society and a moderate effect on Iranian society. Conclusions: Therapists should pay attention to the ignored elements discussed in this article in addition to treatment.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Schema Mode Tand Emotional-focused Therapy on Emotional Adjustment in New Married Couples with Conflict

Hosein ghamari kivi

Aim: This study aimed to compare the effect of Schema Mode Therapy (SMT) and Emotional-Focused Therapy (HMT model) on emotional adjustment of new married couples with conflict. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a multi-group pre-test/post-test design with a control and follow-up group. The statistical population of this study included couples with marital conflict who had been married for less than 6 years and had been referred to counseling centers in city of Astara in 2019. Thirty couples were selected through convenience sampling method and assigned randomly into control and experimental groups. The Rubio et al (2007) Emotional Adjustment Measure (EAM) was used as research instruments in this study. Follow-up was performed after 3 months from the end of the interventions, and multivariate analysis of covariance statistical tests with repeated measures and SPSS-24 software were used to analyze the hypotheses. Results: Schema mode therapy and emotional-focused therapy (HMT), separately, reduced components of lack of discipline (P<0.05) and lack of hope (P<0.01). Conclusions: Both methods increases emotional adjustment in general state, and there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of two intervention methods

Design and Validation of a Mentalization Promoting Program for Parents of a Child with Type 1 Diabetes and its Effectiveness on Parents' Reflective Functioning and the Child's Emotional-Behavioral Problems: A Single-Subject Study

parisa seyed mousavi

Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the Mentalization promoting program for parents of a child with type 1 diabetes and investigating its effectiveness on parents' reflective Functioning and emotional-behavioral problems of the child. Methods: A mixed method was used in this research. In the qualitative part, the mentalization problems of 18 children with T1D and 22 of their parents were extracted through the analysis of interviews with the method of transcendental phenomenology, and three general themes,18 main sub-themes and 50 sub-themes were obtained. Then, based on these themes and within the framework of the concepts of mentalization theory, a program to promote the mentalization of parents with a child with type 1 diabetes was designed. After confirming the content validity based on the CVI, with a semi-experimental method and a single-subject design of the type (A-B) with different subjects, 5 parents of children with diabetes who met the criteria for entering the research, were selected with a purposeful sampling method and participated in the program. The effectiveness of this program was assessed in four phases (baseline, during intervention, after intervention and follow-up) using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ) and indicators of program goals. Then data was checked based on visual analysis indicators. Results: The final outcome of this phenomenological study is the extraction of three general themes, including the underlying factors of breakdowns in mentalizing, types of common mentalizing problems, and the consequences of breakdowns in mentalizing which became the basis for design the program to promote the mentalization of parents with a child with type 1 diabetes The results showed that the designed program, while having sufficient validity, was effective in increasing the parents reflective Functioning and reducing the emotional-behavioral problems of the child, and this effectiveness continued in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: Considering the validity of this program and its effectiveness, it is suggested that this program be widely implemented to help improve the physical and mental health of children with diabetes and their families, and also for children with other chronic diseases should also be adapted.

comparison of the Effectiveness the Educational Package to Prevent Academic Procrastination and Treatment based on Acceptance and Commitment on Academic Motivation and Academic Performance of Procrastinating Students

Ilnaz Sajjadian

Aim: Academic Performance is one of the issues raised in the field of education, which not only affects the academic future of students from various dimensions, but also determines their fate in various fields. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of an educational package to prevent academic procrastination as well as treatment based on acceptance and commitment on academic motivation and performance of procrastinating students. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all secondary school students suffering from academic procrastination in city of Isfahan. Among them, 45 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups (educational package to prevent academic procrastination and treatment based on acceptance and commitment) and a control group (15 people in each group). Research tools included academic procrastination questionnaires (Solomon and Rothblum, 1984), academic motivation (Abdkhodaei et al., 2017) and academic performance (Pham and Taylor, 1999). In order to analyze the data, analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used. Results: The findings showed that the educational package of prevention of academic procrastination and treatment based on acceptance and commitment had a significant effect on the academic motivation and academic performance of procrastinating students (p<0.001) and there is a significant difference between the two interventions, so that the educational package to prevent academic procrastination has been more effective. Conclusion: Those involved in the field of student education are recommended to use the educational package to prevent academic procrastination in order to solve students' academic problems, especially to improve academic motivation and academic performance

Designing a career networking model with an interpretative structural approach

Mohammad Hakkak

Aim: The purpose of this study is to identify and determine the level of factors affecting career networking behavior. Methods: This research is mixed research with a qualitative-quantitative approach. Library search was used to examine the theoretical foundations, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and questionnaires were used to collect the ideas of academic experts. Theme analysis was used to identify factors. In the qualitative part, 15 people were selected from the managers of government organizations in Qom province with the purposeful sampling method in order to identify the factors. In the qualitative part, 14 people were selected from the professors of Farabi Campus and Qom University with the snowball sampling method in order to validate the factors and also compare the factors two by two. Results: Based on the findings of the present research, 31 codes were categorized into 8 factors. The validity of all the factors was confirmed with the Lawshe’s coefficient and the interpretive structural modeling method was used in order to level 8 factors. Finally, 8 factors were prioritized in 5 levels; Customized appointments and mendacious personal branding on the first level, creating toxic communication networks on the second level, distrust of employees to mechanisms on the third level, decision-making by advocacy groups on the fourth level, inefficient supervision, unclear rules and regulations and senior management style were placed at the fifth level. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, each of the factors related to career networking can lead to the success of employees in career promotion. Therefore, it is necessary for the managers of the organization to maintain effective human resources by using appropriate mechanisms in order to improve the growth and development of competent employees.