Journal of counseling research

The Relationship between Attachment Styles with General Health and Affective Adjustment: The Mediating Role of Child’s Evaluation of Inter-Parental Conflict and Triangulation

Khaled Aslani , Ziba Zandi , Abbas Amanelahi Aim: The purpose of this study was to test the model of the relationship between attachment styles with affective adjustment and general health with mediating factor of child’s evaluation of inter-parental conflict and triangulation among female high school students in Ahvaz. Method: Descriptive and path analysis were used as the method for data analysis. Total of 213 female high school students were randomly selected through cluster sampling method. Participants completed the revised Adult Attachment Scale (RASS), Children Perception of Inter-parental Conflict Scale (CPIC), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS). Results: The analysis of structural equation modeling did not seem to show a desirable goodness of fit for the proposed model. However, carrying out covariation for child’s evaluation of inter-parental conflicts and triangulation, showed a good fitness for the data obtained from the final proposed model. The results of direct coefficients indicated a significant correlation between ambivalent and anxiety attachment styles with general health, affective adjustment, child evaluation of inter-parental conflict and triangulation, child evaluation of inter-parental conflict with general health, and triangulation with affective adjustment. Results from using Preacher and Hayes indirect coefficients test showed a significant relationship between ambivalent and anxiety attachment styles with general health that was mediated by child evaluation of the conflict between his or her parents, as well as their use of triangulation. Moreover, there seemed to be significant relationships between ambivalent and anxiety attachment styles, with affective adjustment, which was mediating by child’s evaluation of inter-parental conflict. Conclusions: Parents’ conflictual relationship and triangulation can have negative influence on general health and affective adjustment during children’s developmental process.

Humor Styles and Marital Conflict in Married College Students

Babollah Bakhshipour Aim: The purpose of conducting this research was to study the relationship between humor styles and marital conflicts among married college students. Method: Descriptive and correlational research methodology was used. The statistical population comprised of all the married college students at Payam Noor University in Sari, Iran. Total of 314 married (183 female and 131 male) college students were selected in accordance with Krejcie & Morgan (1970) table, by multistage sampling. Participants completed the humor styles (Martin et al., 2003) and Marital Conflict Questionnaires (Sanaee, 1379). Results: Findings showed a negative significant correlation between adaptive humor styles (affiliative humor style r=-0.214 and self-enhancing humor style r=-0.116) and marital conflict. Also, no significant relationship was seen between maladaptive humor styles (aggressive humor style r=0/052 and self-defeating humor style r= 0/088) and marital conflict. Significance level is set at P<0/01 and P<0/05, while T-test showed significant difference between the two genders (P<0/000) when looking at maladaptive humor style (aggressive and self-defeating). Conclusion: There seems to be a negative correlation between adaptive humor styles and marital conflict and some marital conflict’s factors, and that there seemed to be no significant correlation between maladaptive humor styles and marital conflict and its factors. In addition, there was seen a significant difference between men and women in using different humor styles.

Comparison of Cognitive Distortions in Individuals with Physical-Movement Handicap with High and Low Distress Tolerance

Asiyeh Shariatmadar , ahra Gharavi Aim: The goal of the present research was to compare cognitive distortions in individuals with physical-movement handicap whose distress tolerance is high or low. Method: The method used in this research was of ex post facto causal-comparative type. Statistical population was all of the individuals with physical-movement handicap in Tehran, Iran, during the year 2013. For data collection, random sampling was used, and participants came from three educational/residential centers for individuals with physical-movement handicap in Tehran. Total of participants in this research included 71 qualified individuals. Tools for data collection were cognitive distortions (Salar, 1387) and distress tolerance (Simons and Gaher, 2005) questionnaires, both of which are considered self-report tests. Data were statistically analyzed through multivariate analysis. Results: The F-value calculated on the total score of cognitive distortions at the level of P <0/000 was significant. In other words, the cognitive distortions in the group with low distress tolerance were significantly higher than in the group with high stress tolerance. Calculated F-values for all subscales of cognitive distortions questionnaire except for personalization in the level of P <0/001 was significant. Conclusions: Results obtained from this research indicate that individuals with physical-movement handicap with low distress tolerance seem to use more cognitive distortions.

he Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Anger and Psychological Well-Being of Aggressive Girls

T Hosein Ghamari Qivi , Ali Sheykholeslami , Zahra Adel Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on anger and psychological well-being of aggressive girls. Method: The research methodology was semi-experimental with pretest and posttest design with control group. The statistical population of study included all the prisoners in the women’s ward of the Central Prison in Ardabil, Iran, in the year 2014. Total of 30 participants with high scores on Spielbergers’ state-trait anger expression inventory were selected using simple random sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 persons each). The experimental group received 8 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Spielbergers’ state-trait anger expression inventory and psychological well-being questionnaire were used to gather data. Collected data was analyzed by multivariable co-variance test. Results: Findings indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy seemed to have an effect on anger and psychological well-being of aggressive girls, such that the participants in the experimental group showed significantly lowered levels of anger and higher psychological well-being when compared with those in the control group. Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy seems to have a significant effect by decreasing the level of anger and to increase the psychological well-being in girls with high levels of aggressiveness.

Investigating the Characteristic of Assertiveness in Mothers of Delinquent Adolescents

Somaye Kazemian , Ebrahim Naeimi Aim: This study aims to investigate the characteristic of assertiveness of mothers of delinquent adolescents. Method: The statistical population of the study consists of mothers of adolescents with delinquency living in Tehran. Convenience sampling was used to select study participants. The sample size was 15 people in each group (treatment and control groups). Consistent with qualitative research methodology, semi-structured interviews were used for collecting data about participants’ assertiveness. The resulting data from description of interaction between the couples were analyzed using phenomenological theory. Results: What was seen in studying the quality of assertiveness in mothers with delinquent adolescents included: a). withdrawn with care for others (others’ interests – following, accepting others’ talks, escaping response, playing victim), b). aggression with focus on self (dogmatic, uncaring, argumentative, dependence, competition as opposed to cooperation), c). withdrawal and submission to situation and conditions (hopeless, not believing self, blaming others, taking roles), d). withdrawal and parental role ambiguity (indecisive, lack of monitoring - unorganized monitoring, imbalance in motivation for daring behaviors – easy-taking, uncaring. Conclusions: The data from qualitative interviews were analyzed using three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. The results showed that, in the sample under study, most mothers of delinquent adolescents tended to be more passive and less assertivene.

Investigate attachment- based intervention on marital adjustment in maladaptive couples

Ahmadreza kiani Chalmari

The aim of this research was to investigate effectiveness based on attachment intervention on marital adjustment in maladaptive couples. Statistical community included in participants that referred to Foolad Mobarake counseling center. Samples included in 20 couples selected by available sampling. Data collected by questionnaires that included: Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale and intervention. Statistical methods in this research contain descriptive and inferential statistics in the type of semi-experimental plans. intervention showed that attachment dimensions have significant effect on marital adjustment and this effect was not different for men or women. Totally, research findings showed that avoidant attachment has significant direct effect on marital adjustment, but anxious attachment’s effect was indirect and through mediating factors. Therefore, we can focus on attachment theory and cognitive behavioral therapy in couple therapy and work with maladjusted couples.

The comparison of clinical model of antisocial personality and borderline in divorced and normal women

mahmoud najafi

Aim: The present study aimed to comprise clinical model of antisocial and borderline personality disorders in divorced and normal women.

Method: The research method was causal- comparative which is categorized as descriptive research methods. The sample included 100 women (50 divorced, and 50 normal who were living in seaman city) that by considering of entry criteria’s selected by convenience sampling. Both groups matched on age, social- economic status, residential area, and the years who they lived with their spousal.in this research Millon Multiaxial and Enrich’s marital satisfaction questionnaires administered among selected samples.

Results: The results showed divorced women in in comparison of normal women had scored higher an antisocial and borderline personality clinical model.

Conclusion: with considering of results it seems considering of borderline personality and antisocial cues can be useful in preventive programs divorce

The Role of Family in Juvenile Delinquency: A Meta-Analysis of Current Research

Ali Mohammad Nazari Aim: The current meta-analysis aims to investigate the results obtained from the previous research on the role of family in juvenile delinquency. Method: To this end, 40 researches of Tehran University’s theses were compiled among which 20 researches appropriate for the analysis were selected. The research selection for the current meta-analysis was based on the following methodological factors: research questions, hypotheses, goals, population, sampling, procedure, statistical methodology, and reliability and validity of questionnaires. Statistical analyses were accomplished using the Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software. Results: The results of the current study which were obtained using the effect size combination of Schmit & Hantez showed a good support for the relationship between juvenile delinquency and the following factors: family behavior, divorce and parents’ separation, parents’ education, parents monitoring, economic situation of the family, religious beliefs of the family, family’s criminal record, and juvenile delinquency. However, the relationship between parents’ quarrel and juvenile delinquency didn’t receive any support. Conclusions: The results of the study may be used for curriculum planning, development, and treatment in schools, universities, counseling and psychotherapy centers for the aim of preventing delinquencies and reducing the negative effects of family-related factors in juvenile delinquencies.

Relationship between religious orientation , religious beliefs , hardiness with mental health among students of Islamic Azad University

mehrnaz azadyekta

The aim of this study was to examine the role of religious beliefs, religious orientation and hardiness with mental health among students. In order to evaluate the research hypotheses, 365 students of Islamic Azad University of Islamshahr Branch through the cluster random sampling were selected. Means of data collection were questionnaires of Hardiness, religious orientation , mental health and temple. For data analysis, methods of the pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple linear regression were used. The results showed there is a significant relation between internal religion orientation , hardiness with mental health of students,but no significant difference was observed between external religion orientation with mental health.

Conclusion: Internal religious orientation , religious beliefs , hardiness are considered as important factors in predicting students ,mental health