Dr Asghar Jafari,
Volume 19, Issue 74 (7-2020)
Abstract
Aim: The present study aimed to compare cognitive flexibility, psychological capital and coping strategies with pain between individuals with COVID-19 responding and non-responding to home treatment. Methods: Methodology for this study was ex-post facto. Population included individuals with COVID-19 who responded or did not respond to home treatment in city of Tehran. Using snowball sampling, 87 individuals responding to home treatment and 92 individuals who did not responde to home treatment were selected and completed the questionnaires of Dennis and VanderWal (2010), flexibility, Luthans et al’s cognitive psychological capital (2007), and Rosenstiel and Keefe’s coping strategies with pain (1985). Data were analyzed using MANOVA. Results: There was significant difference between cognitive flexibility, psychological capital, and coping strategies with pain between the groups of responding and non-responding to home treatment (P<0.01). Catastrophazing-type of coping strategy was less in group of responding to home treatment than group of non-responding to home treatment, but cognitive flexibility, self-efficacy, hopefulness, resiliency, optimistic, and coping strategies of diverting attention, reinterpretation of pain, ignoring pain, self-talk, pray-hopefulness, and increase of behavior in group of responding to home treatment were higher than the non-responding group. Conclusion: Cognitive flexibility, psychological capital, and coping strategies with pain effect responding to home treatment of COVID-19. The results provide evidence that applying the interventions of prevention and treatment based on positive psychology as improving cognitive flexibility, psychological capital and efficient coping strategies can effect the procedure of home treatment and increase responding to COVID-19 treatment.
Roya Heidari, Maryam Jalilian,
Volume 20, Issue 79 (10-2021)
Abstract
Emotional regulation is one of the areas that has been considered in the epidemiology of depression in the last decade. The results of studies on the effect of emotional regulation training on reducing the symptoms of depression disorder vary and contradictory. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of emotional regulation training on reducing the symptoms of depression disorder. Methods: For this research, meta-analysis technique were utilized, in which the results of various research studies were integrated in order to determine the size of the effect of parental education programs. To achieve this purpose, the related literature concerning the topic was investigated in dissertations and research articles published in scientific journals from 2006 to 2020 were reviewed. Based on the research inclusion criterion, 17 research studies, including 14 articles and 3 dissertations were considered for meta-analysis. Data analysis and calculation of effect size were performed using the CMA2 software and the Hedges g-index. Findings: The findings from this meta-analysis showed that the random effect of emotional regulation training on reducing the symptoms of depression disorder (1/39) (P< 0/001), which is evaluated in accordance with the Cohen table of the large effect size. Conclusion: It seems that emotional regulation training can be used as a suitable method for reducing depression in educational and therapeutic centers.
Youssef Habibi, Atousa Kalantarhormozi, Qiumars Farahbakhs, Hossein Salimibajestani, Mohammad Asgari,
Volume 21, Issue 81 (5-2022)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the components of smoking tendency in youth from the perspective of addiction and smoking experts. Methods: in this study, a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method were used. Participants included experts in the fields of addictions and smoking and smokers (therapists, researchers, professors and teachers) in 1399 who were selected using purposive sampling. Sampling was done using interview tools (semi-structured) in order to receive the data until the saturation point and then the collected information was analyzed by coding method (main and secondary). Findings: The analysis of the research findings led to the extraction of 85 primary concepts, 38 subcategories and 15 main categories, according to which, the main categories of smoking tendency in youth were: 1. The effective role of relatives in consumption, 2. Inefficient atmosphere of the family predisposing to consumption, 3. Motivation of peer groups in consumption, 4. Media coverage of smoking, 5. Influence of famous personalities, 6. Facilitating society in consumption, 7. Favorable consumption conditions in public recreation area, 8. Easy access to cigarettes, 9. Cognitive distortions about smoking, 10. Inefficient psychological causes, 11. Reverse reaction to superficial inhibitors in consumption, 12. Weak adaptive skills, 13. Consideration of behavioral attractiveness, 14. Media’s superficial portrayal of the harms of consumption, and 15. Recreational consumption. Finally, the combination of the main categories led to the extraction of two core themes, including the interpersonal components, the extra-personal component, and the intrapersonal components of the tendency to smoke in youth. Conclusions: The present study showed that youth are affected by interpersonal and extra-personal factors such as the media, family, society and the atmosphere of peers with common interests or intrapersonal dimensions like psychological disorders, famous characters in movies, or skill weaknesses are more likely to tend to smoke and continue smoking.
Niloofar Beheshti, Mahmoud Najafi,
Volume 21, Issue 83 (10-2022)
Abstract
Objective: The aim was to compare cognitive strategies for emotion regulation, impulsivity and suicidal ideation in patients with obsessive-compulsive, bipolar disorder and normal individuals. Method: was descriptive-causal-comparative. The statistical population was divided into two parts: people who had a psychiatric record in Semnan in 1400 and were diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive and bipolar disorder, and normal people in Semnan who based on self-reported He didn’t have a psychiatric record and was screened for symptoms of mental disorders using a checklist. 50 patients with obsessive-compulsive and 50 patients with bipolar were selected by psychiatrist after evaluation by a psychiatrist and 50 normal individuals were selected by available sampling method after controlling the list of symptoms of mental disorders to control the absence of mental disorder. Granfsky Emotion Cognitive Regulation Questionnaire, Barthes Impulsivity and Beck Suicidal Thought were administered. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Results: Cognitive regulation of emotion, impulsivity and suicidal ideation are significantly different in the three groups(p<0.05). Conclusion: holding educational workshops to minimize the damage caused by failure in emotion regulation, impulsivity and suicidal thoughts in obsessive-compulsive and bipolar disorder sufferers, designing support programs such as training impulse management skills, using adaptive emotion regulation strategies, planning skills and Decision-making in the general population as well as obsessive-compulsive and bipolar patients, as well as the appropriate treatment plan to prevent the exacerbation or recurrence of patients' symptoms can be effective.
Mrs Samirasadat Badakhshian, Mrs Fatemeh Samiee,
Volume 21, Issue 83 (10-2022)
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Spinal cord injury is one of the problems of human societies. The purpose of this study is to focus on the self-efficacy of people with spinal cord injury. Method: The design used in this study was a single case of type A-B. For this purpose, using purposive sampling, 3 people with spinal cord injury were selected. And received 8 sessions of individual intervention, occupational rehabilitation program training based on social cognitive theory. Data collection tool was Lutans psychological capital questionnaire. The results were analyzed using visual analysis, change reliability index (RCI) and recovery percentage (MPI). Results: The results showed that a rehabilitation program based on social cognitive theory can increase the self-efficacy of people with spinal cord injury. Conclusion: Using a job rehabilitation program and utilizing social cognitive theory that provides guidance and skills training such as substitution or role modeling, social encouragement or positive feedback, and the mobilization of psychological capital as well as information. In the case of able-bodied employment and vocational training, self-efficacy can be increased in people with spinal cord injury.
Yasser Rezapour-Mirsaleh, Ehsan Rezazadeh,
Volume 22, Issue 86 (5-2023)
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of religious-ontological-based intervention on clinical symptoms and existential thinking of students with depressive disorder. Methods: This research was carried out in the framework of a single-case experimental study with three students with symotomos of depression who were selected through purposeful sampling from the students of Ardakan University (Yazd, Iran) during the academic year of 2022-2023. Each individual participant received 8 sessions of intervention based on religious ontology, twice during the baseline phase, three times during the treatment phase, and twice during the follow-up phase. Beck depression questionnaire (1996) and Allen and Scherer's scale of existential thinking (2012) were utilized as measurement instruments. To analyze the data, graphical analysis method was used to determine the recovery percentage and reliable change index. Findings: The findings showed significant clinically and statistical improvements in the existential thinking and decreased depression after treatment (p<.01). After two months, a follow-up was done where differences were maintained, which indicates the sustainability of the therapeutic effects. Conclusion: Regarding the results, it can be concluded that religious-ontological-based intervention can be used to increase the existential thinking and to reduce depression in the students with depressive disorder. Considering that Iranian society has a coherent religious context and religion has a special status in people's lives, this intervention can be effective in reducing depression symptoms.
Azam Rahbarian, Tayebeh Sharifi, Ahmad Ghazanfari,
Volume 22, Issue 86 (5-2023)
Abstract
Aim: Due to the lack of proper training, female-headed households are suddenly faced with a lot of responsibilities without prior training, as a result of which they suffer stressful conditions and psychological pressure, and finally, the self-efficacy of these females is affected. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based compassion therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy on female-headed households' self-efficacy. Methods: The design of this research was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of research included female-headed households in Shahrekord in the year 2022. In this research, 60 women whose self-efficacy questionnaire score were between 17 and 34 were selected through purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups and one control group (20 persons in each group). Then, the experimental groups were treated with eight 120-minute mindfulness-based compassion therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy. The data were collected from the GSE-17 self-efficacy questionnaire, and finally, were analyzed through repeated measure analysis of variance. Findings: The findings showed that in the two stages of post-test and follow-up, the average score of self-efficacy in the two experimental groups was significantly different from the control group. Also, the results of the findings indicated the greater effectiveness of positive cognitive-behavioral therapy. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it is suggested to use positive cognitive-behavioral therapy along with other treatment methods to increase the self-efficacy of female-headed households.
