Journal of Counseling Research

---

Aim: This research aims to investigate and compare the factors affecting the successful and unsuccessful entrance the adolescent stage of family life cycle.

Method: This is a qualitative study and the data were analyzed by using grounded theory method. The population consists of all of the families with successful and unsuccessful adolescents in Tehran city and the sample consists of 10 families having successful adolescents and 12 families having unsuccessful adolescents. Data were collected by using purposeful sampling and the semi-structured interviews.

Findings: The findings showed that protective factors which lead adolescents to successful or unsuccessful transition include the following: family domain, parental domain and social domain. The protective factors in parental domain have basic differences. They were different in communication styles in family, family management styles, family structure and economic situation of the family. Findings related to the parental domain showed that parental attitudes toward education, parental attitudes toward success, parental behavior toward social success and vulnerability in parenting were different in parents with successful and unsuccessful adolescents. Also protective factors in social domain were different with each other. The results showed that successful parents were different in social relationship management and adolescent behavior toward social success with unsuccessful parents.

Conclusion: In sum, studies showed that social environment, educating parents and their adolescents and also strengthening protective resources in family are needed to have a successful transition from adolescence stage of family life cycle.

---

Purpose: The purpose of  this research was to analyze the effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on correcting irrational beliefs and reducing cognitive avoidance of people with obsessive compulsive disorder. Methods: This research was performed using the semi-experimental method by using pretest/ posttest and a control group. Among all  the people who referred to the counseling centers in city ofShahrekord in 2015, thirty two people were selected in the form of voluntary purposive sampling. and through an interview, before  randomly being assigned into two experimental and control groups. Obsessive compulsive questionnaire of  Yile -Brown (T-Bocs), Jones irrational belief test (IBT), and Sexton and Dugas cognitive avoidance questionnaire (CAQ) were used in the pretest and posttest for collecting information, and data were analyzed using the descriptive indicators and covariance analysis test. The intervention of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy in the experimental group was performed twice a week in 20 sixty minute sessions, but the control group did not receive any interventions. Results: The results of covariance analysis on the scores of pre-treatment, treatment, and followup whowed that after adjusting the pre-test scores between  the experiment and control groups for the variables of irrational beliefs (P<0.01) and cognitive avoidance (P<0.05), a meaningful difference was seen. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it is concluded that the intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy is a convenient method for correcting irrational beliefs and reducing cognitive avoidance of people with obsessive compulsive disorder.

---

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the five major traits of personality and symptoms of depression in students, with mediating role of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Methods: The research method was descriptive of correlational type. In order to select the sample, 400 students studying at Gonbadkavus Azad and State Universities were selected through cluster random sampling. The instruments used in this study included depression scales, five personality factors, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Pearson correlation test and path analysis methods were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results indicated that neuroticism as the strongest predictor of depression had a significant positive effect on it. While extraversion, agreeableness, self-esteem, and self-efficacy had a significant negative effect on depression. Also, the results of path analysis indicate that self-esteem and self-efficacy variables, simultaneously play a mediating role in predicting depression based on personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism). Conclusion: According to the results of the research and the mediating role of self-esteem and self-efficacy in relation to personality traits and depression, planning to promote self-esteem and self-efficacy can play an important role in reducing depression by enhancing extroversion and agreeableness and reducing psychological distress.

 

---

Introduction: Due to the prone to having earthquakes of Iran and given the importance and necessity of the role of schools in the lives of students, especially in times of crisis, the purpose of this study was to identify effective school indexes after the Serpol zahab earthquake in 1396.
 

• Aim: Because of the risk of earthquakes in Iran and given the importance and necessity of the role of schools in the lives of students, especially in times of crisis, the purpose of this study was to identify effective school indexes after the Sarpol Zahab earthquake in 1396. Methods: This qualitative research was conducted through the phenomenological approach. Therefore, 15 educators (including managers, teachers and counselors, etc.) were selected through purposive sampling method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and coding was used to analyze the data. Results: After documenting the interviews, 290 primary codes, 12 sub-indicators, and final four main indicators, including "students", "teacher and school staff", "school structure and facilities", and "environment and family" were extracted. Indicators for students include sub-indicators: adaptive-functional, psychological, academic; while sub-indicators related to teachers and school staff include these sub-indicators: educational, personal and assistance; school structure and facilities index include these sub-indicators: equipment, planning, coordination tasks; and finally the indicator of the environment and family included these sub-indicators: financial, psychological, and physical-structural. Conclusion: The results of this study can provide a comprehensive content of preventive measures related to the earthquake crisis to the ministry of education, so that the organization can provide protocols for crisis situations and provide them to schools nationally. By adhering to the results of this study, schools can help maintain their efficiency when passing through earthquake crisis successfully, while reducing its consequences.

---

Aim: The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on distress tolerance and feeling of guilt in mothers of children with physical-motor disability. Methods: The quasi-experimental research method included pre-test and post-test, with control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all mothers of children with physical disability who had received education in special schools in city of Saqez during the Persian year of 1398. For this purpose, 24 mothers of physically disabled children were selected from the exceptional schools by convenient sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (12 in each group). The experimental group received 10 sessions of intervention and no training was given to the control group. The instruments used in this study were the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA-2), which were completed in the pre-test and post-test phases. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Findings: The findings of this study indicated that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in pre-test and post-test in scores of distress tolerance and feeling of guilt. According to these findings, compassion-focused therapy is effective in decreasing feeling of guilt and increasing distress tolerance of mothers of children with physical disability. Conclusion: The results showed that self-compassion, through providing positive experiences, increasing adaptation to stressful situations, and expressing empathy and sympathy can increase distress tolerance in individuals and reduce the level of guilt of mothers with children with disabilities.

---

Target: The purpose of this study is to analyze teachers' beliefs about the desirable class. Teachers 'beliefs about a desired classroom are important in that they shape teachers' expectations, actions, and behaviors in the classroom.
Research Methodology: The population of the study consisted of all teachers in the first and second grade of Kermanshah of these, 15 individuals were selected through purposeful sampling for in-depth interviews. Interviews were documented after audio recording and coded by Epochs method. The method of study was qualitative and phenomenological and the data were analyzed using Culizzi method.
Findings: After analyzing the data, from 152 beliefs and teaching beliefs. open source codes extracted from interviews, 32 subcategories and 3 main categories were obtained Behavioral Beliefs, Relationship Beliefs, and Teaching Beliefs.
Conclusions: Therefore, it can be said that teachers' beliefs about the desirable class have a wide range that is not limited to the behavior of the teacher or student and other factors such as family, teacher relationship with parents, physical structure of the class and teaching style also affect this.

---

  Abstract
Aim: Remarriage is a chance for people who have lost a spouse to re-experience cohabitation. The aim of this study was to provide a local model of satisfied remarriage. Methods: This research was conducted qualitatively using the grand theory approach in 2020. For this purpose, 21 couples living in Tehran who have had more than 3 years of remarriage were purposefully selected and surveyed using semi-structured interviews. Data were collected, recorded and then coded and classified into main categories.
Methods: This research was conducted qualitatively using the grand theory approach in 1399. For this purpose, 21 couples living in Tehran who have had more than 3 years of remarriage were purposefully selected and surveyed using semi-structured interviews. Data were collected, recorded and then coded and classified into main categories.
Results: The extracted concepts were classified into 107 sub-categories and 24 main categories. The main categories were divided into 6 general categories of causal factors, contextual, intervening, strategies, consequences and central category, and finally the central category was selected as "bilateral efforts to increase satisfaction and the continuation of remarriage.
 Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that creating a satisfying marriage depends on conscious choice and deep knowledge of each other, honesty and transparency about the issues of the former life and the current marital relationship, and finally a two-way effort to create a lasting life. And this model provided for a stable and satisfied remarriage can be a model and a path for couples. Counselors and psychologists can also help the health of families and the community by designing and implementing appropriate programs based on this model in premarital counseling and couple therapy to increase the duration of remarriage and reduce the number of divorces and the resulting injuries