Journal of Counseling Research

Aim: The present study aimed to qualitatively evaluate the personality characteristics of young women who had used Rhinoplasty, which is a plastic surgery done on the nose. Method: The statistical population for this research included all female social sciences students at Razi University who were enrolled in 2015. For this purpose, 30 students who had undergone this surgery (treatment group) and 30 who had not received it (control group) were selected as purposeful sampling (total of 60). For collecting relevant data, semi-structured interviews were utilized and data was analyzed through phenomenological approach. Results: Following the interviews, content analysis, and coding process, five main indicators were extracted: Self-esteem, social interaction, aggression, body image, and differentiation. The results showed that self-esteem and differentiation in both groups were at an acceptable level and did not have much difference, while social interaction and satisfaction with body image in subjects in the control group was significantly higher in the treatment group than the control group. The results also indicated that levels of aggression seemed to be higher in women who had done rhinoplasty compared with those who had not undergone this type of surgery. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be recommended that increasing social interaction skills of applicants for rhinoplasty, and improving their body-image, can likely help in preventing performance of unnecessary surgeries.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the extent of using virtual social netorks, self-worth, and educational downfall in girl student of the non-profit middle schools in city of Gorgan. Methods: For this study, descriptive and corelational methodology was used. Statistical population included all girl students in the nonprofil middle school of Gorgan city, totalling1243 people in 2016. Cluster random sampling was used to select 293 for the sample size. Virtual social netorks (2015), Rozanberg Self  Respect (1963), and Kavvosi Educational Downfall Questionnaire were used for data collection. For data analysis, peareson correlation and multiple correlation were utilized. Results: The results of the present study demonstrated that there is a significant negative relationship between the extent of using virtual social network and self-respect, and between the extent of using virtual social network and educational downfall. Considering that significance level is smaller than 0/5, there is a significant negative relatioship between self-respect and educational downfall and this hypothesis is confirmed. Moreover , it can be said with 90 percent of certainty that self-respect and the extent of using virtual social netorks can predict students' educational downfall. Conclusion: Schools and families can use better quantitative and qualitative managment of the use of virtual social networks in improving the sense of children's sense of self-worth and decrease their educational decline effectively.

Goal: The goal of the present research is to determine the components of loneliness of teenage girls based on their lived experiences
Method: the present research was a qualitative research and the phenomenological method was used to conduct it. The sampling was goal-oriented i.e. the UCLA loneliness questionnaires were completed by teenage girls whose average age was 16 of whom 30 people whose loneliness grades were above the cut-off point were selected as the research population. The main research tool was interviewing and the data were saturated after 15 interviews and coding using the grounded theory.
Findings: The findings of the present research showed that the components of loneliness of teenage girls based on their lived experiences appear in the following order: 1- Loneliness in the family, 2. Communicative/social loneliness, 3. Emotional/personal loneliness. Considering the results of the interview and the thorough investigation into the loneliness experiences of teenage girls, it seemed that they mostly suffered from loneliness in the family like the feelings of being dismissed, ignored, blamed and also the feeling of mistrust of them on the part of their families. They deeply felt in their relationships and social environments that their needs for a companion and supporter were not met, and they suffered from finding no common grounds with others; also, they were unable to forge relationships with others and felt lonely despite being surrounded by people. Also, they experienced some emotions such as mistrust of others, hopelessness and surrender to loneliness and they were unable to express their feelings.
Conclusion: Feeling lonely in the family constituted an important part of the loneliness of teenage girls after which the communicative/ social and emotional/ personal factors take precedence respectively. With regard to the fact that the present research has been conducted in the cultural context of Iran, it seems necessary to consider the above-mentioned components in the therapeutic interventions and educational programs to prevent or treat the loneliness of teenage girls.
 

Aim: Child abuse is one of the problems facing humanity. Families must be trained to distinguish the differences between parenting attitudes with harmful attitudes about children. This study aimed to investigate the comparison and recognition of parents with and without a college education about a variety of child abuse. Methods: This was a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews and the research population included 28 people (parents) with and without college education which were selected through purposive sampling. Results: parental knowledge about the type of child abuse (physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect) were examined in two different tables and in two groups with and without a college education and also knowledge and awareness of the risk factors and the consequences of child abuse provided in separate tables by considering college education and concepts and the main expressions is classified using open axial and selective coding. Findings: Based on conducted interviews, the recognition of physical abuse in both groups with and without a college education is equally high, but with the exception that the parental knowledge about the scope of types of child abuse is more in the group with college education  than the other group. In this study, parents without a college education in their parenting methods relied considerably  on physical abuse. Also knowledge of emotional abuse is high in parents with a college education, but there is awareness of emotional neglect among parents with a university education due to their education and employment. There is knowledge about sexual harassment in both groups with the exception that the information and awareness of sexual harassment among parents with a college education is much higher. Another significant point in this research was emotional neglect, due to preoccupation of parents with the virtual world in today's age. Conclusions: It may be concluded that the factor of education can be effective in recognition of types of child abuse. One interesting point was that most college-educated parents used third-person in their sentences, such that it appeared these parents did not use abusive behaviors in their parenting, but are aware of what constitutes abusive behavior for other parents, or they intelligently resisted self-disclosing. On the other hand, majority of parents without college education seemed to use sentences that pointed to their own behaviors and reactions in relation to their children, showing less resistance, talking more about their objective and personal experiences.