Journal of Counseling Research

---

Individual identity is self-explanatory by emphasizing its difference from others. In this study, we examine the impact of nationalism on the degree of individual differentiation by communicating comm::::union:::: and social identity. The research method of correlation method is structural equation modeling. The statistical population includes all citizens over 15 years of age in the provinces of the country on the census data of population and housing in 2011. The Cochran formula has been used to determine the sample population. The final sample size is 1300 samples and the researcher made questionnaire. To analyze the results, a path analysis model has been used.
According to the results of this study, there is a direct and positive relationship between the identity and individual identity of the whole of the model, which means that as the national identity dimension increases, the degree of individual differentiation increases, and vice versa. Also, the results of this research show that individual identity differentiation was directly and negatively from the aspect of identity traditionalism with standard coefficient (0.087), national dimension of identity, direct and negative with standard coefficient (-0.96) The indirect religious variable of identity is directly and positively influenced by the standard coefficient (0.166), the ethnic ethic variable is directly and positively correlated with the standard coefficient (0.776). Individual identity is also indirectly influenced by the variables of the national dimension of identity, the religious dimension of identity and communicative communication. The proposed model of the national identity dimension is sufficient, but it is possible to expand on the other variables, such as mass communication, traditionalism, ethnicity, identity and the religious dimension of the identity of the research model

---

Objective: War conditions may affect young children's experiences across emotional, cognitive, and behavioral domains. Despite the importance of this issue, direct research on parents'experiences of emotional and behavioral changes in children under six years of age during wartime remains limited. The present study aimed to understand parents' lived experiences of the emotional and behavioral states of children under six years of age in the context of war-related tension and crisis and to identify the dimensions of this experience.
Method: This study was conducted using a descriptive phenomenological approach. Participants were 16 parents of children under six years of age who had experienced the war-related crisis and were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step phenomenological analysis method. 
Results: Analysis of parents' lived experiences indicated that young children's experiences of war-related tension and crisis were multidimensional and were reflected in emotional, cognitive, and behavioral domains. The core theme was identified as “Consequences and the Process of Adaptation to War Crisis in Children.” This core theme comprised seven main themes: “the context in which the child's experience is formed,” “emotional arousal and insecurity,” “the child's efforts to seek security,” “the reflection of war in children's cognition and meaning-making,” “the reflection of war in children's behavior and play,” “the influence of parents' responses on the child's experience,”and “adaptation and return to normalcy.” Overall, one core theme, seven main themes, and 21 subthemes were identified. 
Conclusion: The findings indicate that young children's experience of war crisis is a multidimensional process that begins with their exposure to the consequences of war and is manifested through fear and worry, sensitivity to sounds, feelings of danger and threat, increased need for parental presence, questions about war and death, changes in sleep and daily activities, and changes in play.