Journal of Counseling Research

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of marital infidelity in women. Method: The method of this research was qualitative. The 17 women who experienced marital infidelity and were willing to cooperate with the researcher were selected through targeted sampling. They were deeply studied using semi-structured interviews. The study used the Grounded Theory approach to explain and analyze the findings. Finding: Three major categories were found about the causes of female marital infidelity. The causes of marital infidelity Included the boredom of life after each other's discovery, the inherent weaknesses of marriage, vulnerability when sexual or emotional need blocked, and Society transformation, The conservator factors Included the desire to experience excitement, the disclaimer of self and the emphasis on spouse features, to earn much creativity in gaining time for a relationship and hiding it, gaining courage for discovering new features in yourself, And responding to infidelity Included desire for divorce, Restoration of marital life, endurance of stress. Conclusion: To prevent marital infidelity, family education and enrichment of premarital relationships, these categories should be considered.

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Aim: Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) is developed for clients who experience high levels of shame and self-criticism. CFT emphasizes the centrality of our affiliative system in reducing threat-based processing by allowing us to feel cared for and able to offer care to both ourselves and others. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of CFT on shame and feeling of guilt among women with sexual abuse experience in childhood. Methods: The statistical population consisted of all women with Sexual Abuse experience in Childhood who had referred to counseling centers in Ahvaz. The research sample consisted of 3 women referred to counseling centers that were selected according to the results of the PTSD Checklist (Weathers, 1993) with cutoff point of 50 and with purposeful sampling method. In this research, a single-case experimental design, type of non-concurrent multiple baseline designs was used. To evaluate the shame and feeling of guilt, the state shame and guilt scale (SSGS) were used. The protocol of CFT was carried out in three phases of basic lines, intervention of 8 weekly sessions, and two months follow-up. Findings: The findings indicated that the subjects in the shame treatment phase experienced 31.20% improvement and in the guilt phase experienced  28.68% improvement. The effectiveness was maintained during the 2-month follow-up. The change index was indicative of meaningful changes. Conclusion: Therefore, the research findings illustrated that CFT is effective in decreasing of shame and feeling of guilt of women with sexual abuse experience in childhood, through decreasing reducing threat-based processing and strengthening the soothing system through the cultivation of compassion.

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Aim: The aim of present research was making a test of perception of lovemaking between single students and survey of psychometric features of this tool. Methods: The research method was mixed. For this purpose, first during a qualitative study based on data-driven theory using a semi-structured interview technique, 32 students (18 girls and 14 boys) were interviewed. The sampling method was purposeful and based on theoretical saturation. The text of the interviews were identified using MAXQDA10 qualitative data analysis software. Students' coding and perception of lovemaking were identified in three categories: ethics of logical obedience, emotional self-obsession and immoral self-obsession. In the next step, based on the codes obtained from the qualitative part of the research, a questionnaire appropriate to the cultural and educational context of Iranian society was developed to measure the perception of lovemaking of single students and then 560 single students ranging in age from 19 to 33 years. (314 girls and 246 boys) Bachelor's and Master's degrees from 5 governmental and Islamic Azad universities in Tehran (Allameh Tabatabai, Shahid Beheshti, Imam Sadegh (AS), Research Sciences and Amirkabir Universities), which are in a multi-stage cluster method Were selected and answered the test. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale of love perception contains 18 questions and includes three confirmed categories of ethics of logical obedience (questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), emotional self-obedience (questions 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18) and immoral self-obsession (questions 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) of lovemaking. Model fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the validity of this scale. Conclusion: Therefore, based on the findings, the students' love perception test can be used as a valid and valid tool to measure and evaluate the love perception of single Iranian students.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to present a structural model for predicting psychological well-being based on family performance, optimism and resilience mediated by social adequacy and academic self-efficacy in students. Methods: The method of this study was descriptive-correlation with structural equation model. From the students of Allameh Tabatabaei Campus in Urmia (women’s branch) and Shahid Rajaei Campus in Urmia (male’s branch) using convenient sampling method, 250 individuals were selected and psychological well-being questionnaires (Reef, 1989), McMaster family performance (Epstein et al., (1990), complemented optimism (life orientation) (Shearer and Carver, 1985), resilience (Connor and Davidson, 2003), social adequacy (Flanner, 1990), and academic self-efficacy (Patrick et al., 1997) were administered. Findings: The results showed that the structural model has an acceptable fit with the collected data. Resilience, optimism, social adequacy and academic self-efficacy were positively and significantly and family performance was negatively and significantly (p <0.01) predicting psychological well-being. Social adequacy and academic self-efficacy mediate positively and significantly (p <0.01) the relationship between resilience and optimism, and negatively and significantly (p <0.01) the relationship between family performance and psychological well-being. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that the educational vitality of the educational program can be a good executive strategy to increase academic self-efficacy, psychological well-being, optimism, resilience and social adequacy of students.

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Aim:  The aim of this study was to investigate the role of cognitive emotion regulation mediators in the relationship between domestic violence, attachment styles and women's psychological well-being. Methods: All married women in Tehran in 1400 formed the statistical population of the present study, from which 360 people were selected by available sampling method. To collect data from the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnesgi and Craig, 2006), Psychological Well-Being (Reef 1995), Adult Attachment (Collins and Reed, 1990), and Domestic Violence (Sherin, Cena, Core, Lee, Zitter, & Shaquille, 1998). ) became. Data were analyzed by path analysis and SPSS software version 25 and PLS version 3.3. Findings: The results showed that the direct effect of faith attachment on women's psychological well-being was significant (p <0.05). Direct protective attachment and domestic violence are not compromised strategies (p <0.05). The direct effect of uncompromising strategies on women's psychological well-being is significant (p <0.05). Uncompromised strategies play a mediating role in the relationship between caring attachment style and women's psychological well-being (p <0.05). The direct effect of adapted strategies on women's psychological well-being is not significant (p <0.05). The direct environment of attachment, secure attachment and domestic violence is significant on adapted strategies (p <0.05). Adapted strategies do not mediate the relationship between attachment style, domestic violence and women's psychological well-being (p <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, their psychological well-being can be increased by strengthening secure attachment and teaching women cognitive regulation strategies.
 

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 Aim: This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting principals' and teachers' perceptions of the school counselor's role and explain its position and importance in the challenges of establishing the role of school counselors. Methods: The research method in this research is systematic and descriptive literature review. The statistical population of this study includes all valid scientific-research articles published in domestic and foreign journals in recent decades. The articles of this systematic review were found by searching the databases of Noormags, SID, Magiran, Ensani.ir Elsevier, Sage, Taylor and France, Springer, Wiley and M.D.P.I. Finding: 25 articles were finalized based on the inclusion criteria of the study. These articles were conducted in the form of action research methods, field research, Q method, experimental, focus group, interview, phenomenology, correlation, and grounded theory. The analysis of these studies showed that three categories of factors, including factors related to school and community, factors related to teachers and principals, and factors related to counselors are effective in the perception of principals and teachers of the role of school counselor. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the lack of awareness by principals and teachers about the evolving role of school counselors is one of the most important factors related to the contradictory perceptions of teachers and principals and the best way to solve this problem is to have a counseling council in each school. By informing principals and teachers about the role of the counselor and following the goals and program of the school counselor, this council will stabilize the role of the school counselor and facilitate the process of achieving the goals of education.

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Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of qualitatively investigating the growth of career identity of novice family counselors in the context of social and interpersonal relationships. Methods: In terms of methodology, this research was carried out with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method (data base). The study population included 12 family counselors in Tehran with inclusion criteria in the first 6 months of 1401 (Persian calendar), who were selected and participated in the research using the purposeful sampling method. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the method of constant comparative analysis of Strauss and Corbin (2014) in three stages of open, central and selective coding. Findings: The results showed that the career identity growth of new family counselors has the main themes of importance of job, commitment and job centrality, job attachment, pure and practical aspects of consulting identity, and professional orientation in the job. This course shows that for a family counselor at the beginning of his development, counseling becomes twice important and later becomes the central core of his identity. Finally, a consultant tries to advance to the stage of becoming a professional. Conclusion: The identity of counselors is mainly interpersonal in nature. Striving for social well-being and responsibility towards the community is the center of gravity of the occupational identity of family counselors