Journal of Counseling Research

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Background: Emotional divorce is considered as the most important factor in the rupture of the most fundamental structure of society, namely the family. This study aimed to investigate the role of cognitive avoidance components and metacognitive belief in the prediction of Spouses emotional divorce. Methods: The study statistical population consisted of all Spouses in Ardabil city in 2015. 120 people (60 married Spouses) were selected as the statistical sample using the convenience sampling. Data were collected through cognitive avoidance scale (Dugas & Sextons, 2004), MCQ-30 metacognitive belief scale (wells & Cartwright-Hatton, 2004), and Gutman's emotional divorce scale (2008). Research data were analyzed by Independent t test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression methods. Findings: The study results showed there is not meaningful difference among emotional divorce of men and women (p<0.05). Also, that a significant positive relationship exists between cognitive avoidance components and Spouses emotional divorce (p<0.05). In addition, a significant negative relationship existed between metacognitive belief and Spouses emotional divorce (p<0.05). Beta coefficients for predictor variables indicated that thoughts repression (15%), thoughts succession (13%), distractions (16%), changing image to thought (40%), and metacognitive belief (-14%) have significantly predictive capability of Spouses emotional divorce (p<0.05). Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that cognitive avoidance components and metacognitive belief are considered as the variables related to Spouses emotional divorce and have predictive capability of it.

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Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was comparing parenting styles of parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Method: This was a causal-comparative research. The statistical population of this research includes the whole parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder in Shiraz city that among them, 90 subjects (49 parents of children with autism spectrum disorders and 50 parents of children without autism spectrum disorders) were selected as a sample size. Sample of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder were selected by available sampling and sample of parents of children without autism spectrum disorder were selected by multistage random sampling method. Parenting styles questioner (Robinson et al., 1995) was used for measuring of parenting styles. Data were analyzed using MANOVA. Results: results showed that the authoritarian's Parenting style of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder significantly are more than the parents of children without autism spectrum disorders and authoritative parenting style of parents of children without autism spectrum disorder significantly are more than of parents of children with autism spectrum disorders(P<0.001) and in permissive's parenting styles there was no significant differences between parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder (p>0/05). Conclusion: According to the finding of this research, designing and implementing of parenting styles workshops for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder is necessary.

Keywords: Parenting Styles, Parents, Children, Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Introduction: Given that the internet addiction affects different aspects of human life, adolescents among different age groups are most vulnerable because of internet's allure and special characteristics of their age. So, the aim of this study was to predict of internet addiction based on perceived social support and father bonding.
Method: In this study, among all students of Shiraz high schools,187 students (107 boy and 80 girl) were chosen by multistage cluster sampling, and they were asked to fill Young’s internet addiction test, Zimet’s perceived social support and Parker’s parental bonding (with father) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 whit step by step statistical regression test, independent T- test and Central and dispersion indexes.
Finding: the results of regression analyses showed that father bonding and the subscale of friends from perceived social support didn’t predict internet addiction, but the subscale of family (β=-0.28, ρ<0.01) and important person (β=0.19, ρ<0.01) predicted internet addiction. And finally Based on independent T-Test there wasn’t any significant differences between girls and boys in the use of the internet.
Results: this study indicated that family and important people’s support are very important for prevention of internet addiction in teen girls and boys.
 

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Aim: A mental disorder known as anorexia is a relatively common disorder in the recent decades  and has affected many people, especially young girls. This study aims to predict the relationship between anorexia as the independent variable and family relations, self control, and alexithymia as predictor variables. Methods: This study is a descriptive-correlational type. The study sample consisted of 109 women in the city of Shiraz who were selected through convenience sampling. Anorexia mental disorder was measured using questionnaires from Garner and Garfinkel (1979), parental bonding were measured using questionnaires parental bonding by Parker et al. (1979),Self-control was measured using a self-control scale Grasmick (1993) and alexithymia was measured using the Toronto alexithymia (1986).The data was analyzed by stepwise multiple regressions test. Findings The findings showed that, impulsively is one of the sub-scales of self-control  (β =-0/24 , p<0/05) and the extreme support is a parental bonding based sub-scale (β =0/23 , p<0/05) predicted anorexia disorder. Meanwhile Alexithymia cannot predict anorexia disorder. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that efforts to regulate impulsivity and reduce extreme support in family relationships are effective in preventing from anorexia nervosa.