Journal of Counseling Research

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The aim of this research was to investigate effectiveness based on attachment intervention on marital adjustment in maladaptive couples. Statistical community included in participants that referred to Foolad Mobarake counseling center. Samples included in 20 couples selected by available sampling. Data collected by questionnaires that included: Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale and intervention. Statistical methods in this research contain descriptive and inferential statistics in the type of semi-experimental plans. intervention showed that attachment dimensions have significant effect on marital adjustment and this effect was not different for men or women. Totally, research findings showed that avoidant attachment has significant direct effect on marital adjustment, but anxious attachment’s effect was indirect and through mediating factors. Therefore, we can focus on attachment theory and cognitive behavioral therapy in couple therapy and work with maladjusted couples.

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 Objectives: The purpose of this study was to predict the marital burnout on emotional expressivness and marital attributions in married people referring to the welfare organization in Ardabil. Method: Statistical population comprised of all married people referring to the welfare organization in Ardabil in 1394, from this population, 150 married people were selected using convenience sampling method. The used tools were Marital Burnout Questionnaire, Emotional expressivness Questionnaire and marital attributions Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed through Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results: The findings showed a positive significant correlation between marital of attributions and Expressiveness negative with marital burnout and significant negative correlation between Positive expressiveness and Express intimacy with marital burnout. The results of regression analysis also revealed that 63% of the total variance of marital burnout can be explained by marital attributions and 71% by Emotional expressivness. Conclusion: Therefore, considering the importance of marital burnout of married people and role of Emotional expressivness and marital attributions to predict it, paying attention to informing people about the attributions of communication and emotional expressiveness is necessary.

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Abstract
Purpose:This study aims to investigate the effect of job games on the responsibility, career adaptability, and dysfunctional career thoughts of Isfahani students. Method: The statistical population included all male high school (1) students of district 3 in Isfahan. This quasi-experimental study included a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. Using Cochran’s formula, the sample size was calculated as 44 individuals in each experimental and control groups. The experimental group members participated in eight 75-minute job game sessions and each member played a job role. Data were collected using the responsibility subscale from the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory, the Career Adaptability Inventory and the Career Thoughts Inventory. Results: The results of variance analysis showed a significant difference between students’ group membership and responsibility, career adaptability and dysfunctional career thoughts (P<0. 05). Moreover, in the students of the experimental group, the mean of dysfunctional career thoughts was significantly lower than in the students of the control group (P<0. 05). Conclution: Job role playing games can increase responsibility and career adaptability and reduce the dysfunctional career thoughts.

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Aim: Suicide is a main cause of death worldwide, especially in teens and adolescents. The aim of this research was a structural test of the three-step theory of suicide in students.  Methods: Current research method was descriptive in the form of correlation that used structural equation model. Research community included all students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University, among whome 630 people were selected as sample through available sampling. Suicide Attempt questionnaire (Dhingra, et.al, 2018), Depressive Symptom-Suicidality Subscale (DSI-SS) Joiner et al. (2002), The Psychological Ache Scale based on Shneidman theory (1993), Hopelessness, Fraser, et.al (2014), Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire by Hill et.al. (2015), Self-Perceived Acquired Capability for Suicide by Rimkeviciene et.al. (2016), and Suicide Capacity Scale-3, by Klonsky & May (2015) were used.  Fndings: Findings showed that the composition of psychological ache and hopelessness are the main predictors of suicide attempt, and lack of interpersonal needs has a protective role. However, just acquired capability for suicide, in some extent can predict suicide attempt. Conclusion: The results showed that Psychological ache and hopelessness have an effect on suicide attempt both directly and indirectly through the idea of ​​suicide and the acquired capacity of suicide. Also, the relationship between acquired capacity and suicide attempt in the model was eliminated due to its low factor loading and better fit of the model. From these findings we can conclude that the three-step Theory of suicide model has a good fitness in Iranian community. Based on 3-step model, combination of hopelessness and psychological ache can lead to suicide ideation, and lack of interpersonal needs can act as a protective factor.

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Aim: Nowadays marriage is considered the most important pillar of a stable family and as such is quite a big concern for the average youth. Therefore reaching a successful marriage requires paying attention to different variables of this crucial subject. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to reveal a template for a successful marriage and all of its strengthening and endangering variables, considering the Iranian culture. Methods: The research method for this study was super compositional, and the statistical population included all local research in this field between the years of 2009 to 2019 that were acquired following a systematic selection criteria, that yielded 21 articles. Results: The result of this research showed that the most important factors of a successful marriage can be divided into 4 themes and 16 main factors with 146 strengthening and endangering factors, which include individual factors, environmental factors, couple factors, and criteria for mate selection. The main factors include moral, personal, or identity characteristics, religious and spiritual beliefs, including problem solving skills, parenting, effective relations with spouse, family ties with spouse, financial issues, sexual issues, cultural factors, societal factors and family, knowing the expectations, needs and wants, same mindedness, general maturity and general, physical, and mental health. All of the above mentioned main factors all have their own sub factors within themselves. Conclusion: It is expected that this project will be of use to researchers and family and marriage specialists.

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Aim: The aim of this paper was to offer an eclectic model of motivational interviewing with Islamic ontological orientation in motivation of change in domestic violence. Methods: This research was qualitative and was carried out using Hermeneutics and content analysis. The sources for analysis were the collection of books and articles representing model of motivational interviewing and collection of verses of the holy Quran, Allame Tabatabaie and Javad Amollie including Tabatabaie Alimizan Tafsir and written works of Motahhary and Javad Amollie published until 2020. Analysis sample were subjects and words related to basics and principles of motivation (orientation, desire, and wish), motivation for change, and violence that was extracted using theoretical sampling. Findings: Research results in qualitative section were based on principles, process, content and techniques of motivational interviewing in motivation to change related to domestic violence and principles of ontological orientation about motivation in natural and innate dimensions. Conclusion: Based on the results, eclectic model of motivational interviewing with Islamic ontological orientation was offered in four sections including principles, processes, content and techniques.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to predict suicide attempt based on psychological pains, interpersonal needs, and peer pressure in students. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all students in city of Rasht (Iran), from which 250 people were selected through random sampling. Research instruments included Schneidmann (1993) Psychache Scale, Joiner et al. (2006) Interpersonal Needs, Dehingra, Budoshk, & O'Connor (2016) Suicide Attempt, and a peer pressure researcher-made questionnaire through which data was collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression. Finding: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between psychological pain (psychache), perceived burdensomeness, and peer pressure with suicide attempts (P <0.01). And the results of regression analysis showed that psych ache and neutral belongingness can predict suicide in students (P <0.05). But the role of psychological pain has a higher power of predictability in suicide attempts among students. Conclusion: It can be concluded that psychological painss and neutral belonging are important factors that can predict suicide in students.

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Aim: This study aimed to compare the effect of Schema Mode Therapy (SMT) and Emotional-Focused Therapy (HMT model) on emotional adjustment of new married couples with conflict.  Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a multi-group pre-test/post-test design with a control and follow-up group. The statistical population of this study included couples with marital conflict who had been married for less than 6 years and had been referred to counseling centers in city of Astara in 2019. Thirty couples were selected through convenience sampling method and assigned randomly into control and experimental groups. The Rubio et al (2007) Emotional Adjustment Measure (EAM) was used as research instruments in this study. Follow-up was performed after 3 months from the end of the interventions, and multivariate analysis of covariance statistical tests with repeated measures and SPSS-24 software were used to analyze the hypotheses. Results: Schema mode therapy and emotional-focused therapy (HMT), separately, reduced components of lack of discipline (P<0.05) and lack of hope (P<0.01). Conclusions: Both methods increases emotional adjustment in general state, and there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of two intervention methods