Journal of Counseling Research

Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of formulating a model of marital distress based on communication patterns and attachment styles with the mediating role of resilience in homemaker women. Methods: The present research had an applied objective and utilized a descriptive correlational method with a path analysis design for data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of all homemaker women in the Narges Akbatan Community Group in Tehran during the first three months of the year 1401 (Solar Hijri calendar), from which 384 individuals were selected as the sample group, using convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Marital Distress Questionnaire, Communication Patterns Questionnaire, Attachment Styles Questionnaire, and Resilience Scale. Finally, the data were analyzed using the linear regression method within the path analysis framework, utilizing SPSS24 and AMOS23 software for statistical analysis. Findings: The results showed that communication patterns, secure and anxious attachment styles have a direct relationship with marital distress in homemaker women (p < 0.01). Moreover, resilience was able to mediate the relationship between communication patterns and marital distress, as well as the relationship between secure and avoidant attachment styles and marital distress in homemaker women (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The findings of this research indicate that in order to reduce marital distress in homemaker women, identifying couples' communication styles and attempting to change unhealthy communication patterns, through resilience-based training, counseling, and other interventions, can be effective.

Objective: Traumatic grief in parents following the sudden and violent loss of a child shatters their meaning system and identity. However, some parents in cultural-religious contexts, drawing on spiritual resources, transform their grief into a process of self-reconstruction. This study aimed to discover and explain the model of sacred identity reconstruction following traumatic grief in parents of the martyrs of the Minab missile attack.

Method: This study used a qualitative approach with systematic grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin), conducted in 2026 in Minab County. Participants were 17 parents of martyrs (14 mothers and 3 fathers), selected through purposive sampling until theoretical saturation. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding.

Findings: The final model was conceptualized around the core category of "sacred identity reconstruction following traumatic grief." Causal conditions included "monotheistic worldview" and "sacred-oriented upbringing of children." The context was shaped by "Shi'a culture of martyrdom," "sanctification of place," "the family's spiritual lifeworld," "supportive extended family context," and "identity-affirming marital support." Parents used five strategies: "sacred interpretation of loss," "positive religious coping," "maintaining a symbolic bond with the martyr," "participation in collective rituals," and "social identity reconstruction." The outcome was "existential growth and transcendence," manifested in "consolidation of a new self-concept," "restoration of agency and direction," "emotional regulation and acceptance of loss," "deeper meaning and peace," and "social recognition and status."

Conclusion: Traumatic grief within the martyrdom discourse can be transformed from a purely pathogenic experience into a process of sacred identity reconstruction. These findings emphasize the necessity of attending to cultural-religious dimensions in grief interventions.