Journal of Counseling Research

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Purpose: The present study was done with an aim to analyze the perceptions and lived experience of couples about the causes of emotional separation. Methods: The present study was of qualitative type, and followed a phenomenological approach. The data, which have been gathered through conducting twenty in-depth and semi-structured interviews with male and female who were either currently or formerly married in two cities of Qom and Tehran, have been analyzed using the theoretical coding.. Based on their married life experience, the individuals in this study described and stated the causes of the development and aggravation of their emotional separation, as well as the ways to prevent and improve such separations. Results: The in-depth analysis of the lived experiences of the interviewees led into the identification of ten minor causes and eventually into the categorization of these minor causes into four larger categories. According to the findings, the major causes of the phenomenon of  divorce are categorized into: the psychological and moral challenges, the emotional and sexual challenges, the financial challenges, and challenges related to the information technology. Conclusion: The Results of this research indicate the diversity and the multiplicity of the underlying causes of emotional separation, and suggest that such a phenomenon is affected by a variety of intertwining causes. Furthermore, these results put emphasis on the necessity for the improvement of the individual skills, such as emotional intelligence (EI), effective communication, and problem-solving as the ultimate remedies to this situation.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the marital status, individual forgiveness, interpersonal forgiveness and quality of life between couples who were married for 1-2 and 3-10 years. Methods: The present study was of descriptive and causal-comparative type. To fulfill the purpose of this study, 60 couples (30 couples in each category) were selected based on available sampling from city of Khomein. Participants answered the Marital Status, Individual Forgiveness, Interpersonal Forgiveness, and Quality of Life Questionnaires. Data were analyzed by independent t-test. Results: The results showed that couples who had been married for 3 to 10 years gained higher scores in marital status, individual forgiveness, interpersonal forgiveness, and quality of life, compared tothose who were married for 1 to 3 years (P<0/01). Conclusion: The results of present study shows that the variables of marital status, individual and interpersonal forgiveness, , and quality of life seem to be positively affected by the duration of marriage, and so marriage and family counselors' awareness of these constructs is of importance.

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Purpose: The purpose of  this research was to analyze the effectiveness of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on correcting irrational beliefs and reducing cognitive avoidance of people with obsessive compulsive disorder. Methods: This research was performed using the semi-experimental method by using pretest/ posttest and a control group. Among all  the people who referred to the counseling centers in city ofShahrekord in 2015, thirty two people were selected in the form of voluntary purposive sampling. and through an interview, before  randomly being assigned into two experimental and control groups. Obsessive compulsive questionnaire of  Yile -Brown (T-Bocs), Jones irrational belief test (IBT), and Sexton and Dugas cognitive avoidance questionnaire (CAQ) were used in the pretest and posttest for collecting information, and data were analyzed using the descriptive indicators and covariance analysis test. The intervention of intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy in the experimental group was performed twice a week in 20 sixty minute sessions, but the control group did not receive any interventions. Results: The results of covariance analysis on the scores of pre-treatment, treatment, and followup whowed that after adjusting the pre-test scores between  the experiment and control groups for the variables of irrational beliefs (P<0.01) and cognitive avoidance (P<0.05), a meaningful difference was seen. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it is concluded that the intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy is a convenient method for correcting irrational beliefs and reducing cognitive avoidance of people with obsessive compulsive disorder.

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Purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the extent of using virtual social netorks, self-worth, and educational downfall in girl student of the non-profit middle schools in city of Gorgan. Methods: For this study, descriptive and corelational methodology was used. Statistical population included all girl students in the nonprofil middle school of Gorgan city, totalling1243 people in 2016. Cluster random sampling was used to select 293 for the sample size. Virtual social netorks (2015), Rozanberg Self  Respect (1963), and Kavvosi Educational Downfall Questionnaire were used for data collection. For data analysis, peareson correlation and multiple correlation were utilized. Results: The results of the present study demonstrated that there is a significant negative relationship between the extent of using virtual social network and self-respect, and between the extent of using virtual social network and educational downfall. Considering that significance level is smaller than 0/5, there is a significant negative relatioship between self-respect and educational downfall and this hypothesis is confirmed. Moreover , it can be said with 90 percent of certainty that self-respect and the extent of using virtual social netorks can predict students' educational downfall. Conclusion: Schools and families can use better quantitative and qualitative managment of the use of virtual social networks in improving the sense of children's sense of self-worth and decrease their educational decline effectively.

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Purpose: The aim of this research is developing a moral model for Safe and   violence free family for based on Naraqi’s ideas in the book "Jameo' Alsa'adat" (1388). Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using themes analysis and synthesis. For intellectual foundations of the therapy, Naraghi's ideas were used. Themes of moral treatment were extracted from books about morality, especially those of Naraghi's Jameo' Alsa'adat, and for developing the moral treatment model, the moral themes were combined with themese from Norcross and Prochaska's (2007) about processes and stages of change (SOC). Results: Human soul has four drives: intellect, anger, lust, and imagination. If the intellect drive prevails over the other drives, this would lead to moderation. Anger and violence is the result of indulgence in rage. According to studies by Prochaska and Norcross (2007), the changes go through a gradual, predictable and stage-based process. The steps of change in the moral model have been designed based on the stages of change which are: explanation of personality ("sha'akele"), soul drives recognition, consciousness about priority of motives, recognition of barriers to change, limiters to consciousness, mobilization in the dimensions of wisdom, trust and effort, meditation, self questioning, attention to the positions of landslides, reviewing, and continuity. Conclusion: Naraghi explained human nature pathology, mental health, and intellect cultivation, so for controling violence, which is indulgence in rage, one can use and benefit from steps set forth in the ethical treatment model. 

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Purpose: This study was carried out in order to compare and examine the effect of Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) training and Parent Management Training (PMT) on the children’s behavioral problems and the parents’ parenting style.

Methods: The present research was a quasi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest-follow up design with a control group. The study population consisted of all children with behavioral problems and their parents, in the elementary schools in city of Sanandaj in 2016.  Ninety individuals were selected through multi-steps random sampling method. Participants  were administered Conners Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (1990) and the Alabama Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ - 1996) in three phases. Parent management training was done in twelve 40-60 minute sessions, while positive parentling was done in eight 2 hour sessions, both for the two experimental groupsResults: In comparison to Triple P training method, PMT method had a higher effect on conduct, pro-social, psychosomatic, and shame-anxiety problems (p<0.01). PMT treatment had a higher effect on each dimension of positive parenting, warmth and involvement, physical coercion, and poor supervision, compared to Triple P treatment (p<0.01). After one month, the results of the follow-up indicated that there was a difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of behavioral problems and parenting style, and the effectiveness of the two treatment methods on behavioral problems and positive parenting was maintained after one month (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that PMT method had a higher effect on behavioral problems, and Triple P had a higher effect on dimensions of parenting. These results are useful for psychotherapists and counselors with regard to selecting the type of intervention.

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of couples therapy based on the ecological model in reducing marital conflicts and desire to divorce in couples. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with control and treatment groups. The statistical population of this study consisted of all of the couples referred to State Welfare Organization in city of Markazi (Iran). The sample consisted of 30 couples who were randomly divided into two groups (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). The data gathering tools in this study were marital conflict scale (Sanaee, 2012) and the Divorce Tendency Scale (Roswelt, Jonson &, Moro, 1986). Results: The results showed that couples therapy based on the ecological model has a meaningful positive effect on reducing marital conflicts and divorce tendency (p<0/05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that interventions using ecological model is effective in reducing tendency for divorce.

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Background: The aim of this study was to present and evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated model of emotionally focused approach and Gottman model on feeling of loneliness in married women. Methods: For this study, quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, follow up and control group was used. The study population included married women who referred to Tehransar health center. The sample consisted of 26 volunteer participants, which were selected using convenience sampling method, in two groups, including experimental (n = 13) and control (n = 13) groups. All participants were asked to complete the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S). Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) results showed that the integrated model of emotionally focused approach and Gottman model significantly decrease feeling of loneliness and its subscales (romantic loneliness, family loneliness, social loneliness). Additionally, using repeated measures in follow-up conducted one month later showed satisfactory results about the effectiveness of the integrated model in the experimental group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the specifically designed integrated model of emotionally focused approach and Gottman model can be used to decrease feeling of loneliness in married women.

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Abstract

Subjective: The aim of this study was to identify affecting factors on the marital commitment considering Iranian couple’s viewpoints.Method: The research method was qualitative and performed using content analysis. Based on purposive sampling and theoretical saturation criterion, 10 couples participated in this study. Data collection used with semi-structured in-depth interviews.Findings: After content analysis of data, three main categories were identified: couple competency, individual competency, and contextual factors. couple competency has 12 sub-categories, which include: Encouragement and reassurance, Genuineness , conflict management, Humorous attitude, Coordination and consultation, Clarity of roles, Social networking, support and companionship, fidelity, Imagining a future for a relationship, making effort to communicate and offering tangible reminder and individual competency has 4 sub-categories includes modeling of original family, experiences of original family, Religious and spiritual beliefs and values, Positive attitudes to marriage and contextual factors Including a subcategory as demographic characteristics.conclusion: Increasing marital commitment and stability of marriage is required achieving and having skills in all three areas, and considering the roles of each area can be improving marital commitment by making packages based on this factors.

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Aim: Marital commitment is the strongest and the most stable predictors of marital relationship quality and stability. Several factors are involved in marital commitment that the important role of religiosity and responsibility can be noted. In this study the relationship between religiousness and accountability with the marital commitment is examined. Method: This study is descriptive correlation. The study population was consisted of all married students of Semnan University graduate level in the academic year 1394. And sample of 299 individuals (159 males and 140 females) were selected using stratified random samplings. To collect data, the questionnaires of marital commitment of Adams and Jones (1997), religiousness of Glock and Stark (1965), responsibility of Harrison Gough (1987), were used. Results: In addition, positive and significant relationship of all aspects of religiosity and marital commitment; The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that two variables of Responsibility and religiosity together predict 50 percent of marital commitment changes Also, among dimensions of research, emotional and ritual dimension along with accountability together predicts for 23% of changes in marital commitment. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that promotion and dissemination of religious beliefs as well as increased sense of responsibility could increase adherence and marital commitment among couples.
 

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Objective: it is research complemented with purpose of investigating The Effect of correspondence family education in improving awareness of students' parents and Enriching Their Educational Skills.
Methods: Due to the nature and objectives of the research, research design was a survey. The statistical population of the research, included all parents and principal of Tehran schools. A sample of 100 parents of students using voluntary sampling method And a sample of 360 principals with using multi-stage cluster sampling in Tehran districts were selected. To determine the sample size of the school principals, the sample size table of the Kregcie and Morgan (1970) was used. In order to collect data for this study, two types of tools were developed, interview form (structured) with students' parents and researcher-made questionnaire for principals. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and one sample T-test was used.
Results: the results show that in parents' views as well as principals', correspondence family education program(Eshareh brochures) has highly been effective in increasing parents' knowledge on children education. From the perspective of students' parents, correspondence education family program(Eshareh brochures) greatly enrich their educational skills, increase desirable behaviors in children, establish desirable behaviors in children, improve mental health, life skills development, improving educational methods and treatment of children and reduce tension within the family has been effective. The results also showed From the perspective of principals, that correspondence education family program(Eshareh brochures) have greatly enriched the educational skills of parents of students in terms of desirable behaviors in children, improve mental health, creating favorable behaviors in children, life skills development and improvement of educational and behavioral methods have been effective with children.
Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of correspondence family education program in improving knowledge and awareness of students' parents and enriching their educational skills, It can be concluded that in this way can be the most Parents of students who have busy work, And could not attend meetings of family education in schools, helped to improve the education process of their children.
 

 

 

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Aim: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of play therapy to reduce symptoms of grief in children. Method: This research is a pilot project for pre-and post-test study with a control group that is among the applied researches. The study population consisted of mournful school children between the ages of 7 to 10 years covered Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in 1393 in the city of Shiraz. Purposive sampling was done from among these children. They were diagnosed with grief disorder by the team that was composed of psychologists and counselors Imam Khomeini Relief Committee.  Of the 45 children diagnosed by consultants committee, as a pilot study, 30 children were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research method was quasi-experimental plans. In order to gather information and determine the long-term effectiveness of the children's grief Scale (IPG-C) were used. It has been developed by Spuij and colleagues (2011). The data were analyzed by independent T-test. Result: The results showed that the mean scores significantly decreased symptoms of grief in the experimental group than the control group (P<0/005). Conclusion: As a result, education (play therapy) in children is effective in reducing the symptoms of grief. Therefore, therapeutic play as a useful therapeutic approach in working with children is useful and it can be used to help the mental health of children.

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efficacy and quality of life, public health can be predicted. To collect information from questionnaires demographic, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Quality of Life Questionnaire - abbreviated version of the World Health Organization, the General Health Questionnaire or GHQ form with 28 questions was used. Results showed that the 4 areas of physical, psychological, social relationships and environment and public health efficacy and four components of physical symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression are significantly correlated. So, based on quality of life and self-efficacy can be predicted public health

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Aim: The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of training integrative behavioral-systems couple therapy on psychological wellbeing of maladaptive couples. Method: The present study was applied in case of purpose and quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group, follow-up design in case of method. The statistical population of the study included all the couples referred to Siavashan, AvayeMehr, Kamran consultation centers and specialized neuropsychological center in the city of Tehran in 2015.24 couples (48 people) of the clients of these centers were selected through available sampling method and they were randomly put into experimental and control groups in order to do the study. The research instrument included Riff’s (1967) 84-question psychological wellbeing questionnaire. Before administering training intervention, both group members were assessed through pretest and then 10 sessions of therapy design (once a week) were implemented. After finishing therapy sessions, posttest and two-month follow-up stages were administered. The collected data were analyzed via mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni follow-up test via SPSS 24 software. Finding: The data analysis results showed that behavioral-systems couple therapy has led to the significant increase in the mean score of experimental group couples at posttest and follow-up stages (p<0.001). Conclusion: Considering the lowness of maladaptive couples psychological wellbeing, according to the findings of the present study, behavioral-systems couple therapy can be employed to improve their psychological wellbeing.
 

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The purpose of this study is examination the relationship between locus of control, dark character and marital violence. The study is descriptive and correlational as well as structural equation modeling, which investigate the relationship between exogenous and endogenous latent structures in model. Population of this study included all divorced men and women over the last six months (second half of 2015), and men and women seeking divorce at Judicial centers in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 250 persons who were selected using simple sampling and 201 persons completed questionnaires. For collection of data, Rotter internal-external control scale, dark character scale (dark triad) DT and Conflict Tactics Scale-Revised (CTS-2) was used. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling as well as SPSS and AMOS software was used. The findings showed that dark character and locus of control are strong and significant predictor for marital violence.

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Brever, M.M.( 2010).The effects  of child gender and child age at the time of parental divorce on the development. COLLEGE OF SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Psychology Educational Track.
 

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Abstract
Purpose:This study aims to investigate the effect of job games on the responsibility, career adaptability, and dysfunctional career thoughts of Isfahani students. Method: The statistical population included all male high school (1) students of district 3 in Isfahan. This quasi-experimental study included a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. Using Cochran’s formula, the sample size was calculated as 44 individuals in each experimental and control groups. The experimental group members participated in eight 75-minute job game sessions and each member played a job role. Data were collected using the responsibility subscale from the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory, the Career Adaptability Inventory and the Career Thoughts Inventory. Results: The results of variance analysis showed a significant difference between students’ group membership and responsibility, career adaptability and dysfunctional career thoughts (P<0. 05). Moreover, in the students of the experimental group, the mean of dysfunctional career thoughts was significantly lower than in the students of the control group (P<0. 05). Conclution: Job role playing games can increase responsibility and career adaptability and reduce the dysfunctional career thoughts.

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Infertility has been described as creating a form of stress leading to a variety of psychological problems. Psychological interventions are effective treatments for infertility stress.  Therefore, this study was performed to examine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral based sexual skills education on marital adjustment in infertile women in Kermanshah. This study was quasi-experimental of pretest, post-test with control group type and its statistical method was Multivariable Analyze of Covariance. The sample population was chosen out of 22-37 years old women suffer from infertility referring to infertility clinics of Kermanshah, with the diagnosis of sexual dysfunction. Twenty people were selected among 33 people qualified to participate in this study and placed randomly in two control and experimental group. The people who were in experimental group, participated in sexual skills education meetings for 10 sessions. Control group received no intervention during this time. In order to record the score changes, the Female Sexual Function Index (2000) and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (1976) were filled out by participants. The results of Multivariable Analyze of Covariance showed that sexual skills education has significant effect on marital adjustment score, so that the score of marital adjustment for women suffer from infertility increased significantly. Therefore, the clinical psychologists, psychotherapists, gynaecologists are encouraged to use the method of cognitive-behavioral based sexual skills education to improve the marital adjustment in the women suffer from infertility.

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One of organizational and interpersonal forms of severe abuses in today's corporate environments, organizational bullying. This familiar term in the behavioral, previously examined in the wider social environment, but cannot deny the importance of the environment today because organizations have received considerable attention. The purpose of this study is, The effect of organizational bullying with individual sleep quality with respect to a mediating role rumination among Hospital female nurses. Statistical population this study, Hospital female nurses Gorgan Sayyad Shirazi is that of a total of 220 female nurses who work in shifts: morning, afternoon and night working at the hospital, 141 were selected through Cochran formula the sample size. Research results showed that organizational bullying significant negative effect and on sleep duration and Sleep of Useful, and play a positive role in reducing the amount of sleep is female nurses (Sig =0.05). Finally, with the arrival of mediator rumination, organizational bullying effect on sleep quality in order to strengthen further negative moderated, And was determined, emotional rumination, exacerbate effect bullying organization to reduce sleep quality. But Work-related rumination, can greatly affect the organization's bullying little effect on sleep quality and sleep quality further.

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The purpose of the present study was carried out in order to investigation of effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on acceptance and growth after break up in female students with break-up experience in girl students who have already experienced break up at Ahwaz city. The population is consisted of the girl students studying in the university, who experienced an emotional break up at least within 3 months to a year ago. The samples were selected as targeted sampling. The sample includes three girl students who got a score higher than 20 on Love Trauma Syndrome Inventory.

In this research, a non-congruent  experimental single case multiple baseline was used and the subjects answered the Admission and Action Questionnaire and Post-traumatic Development and Growth Questionnaire before, during and   end of  treatment and one month after the last treatment. The data was analyzed as visual, improvement percentage, and Reliable Change Index (RCI). The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy increase acceptance and growth after break up in female students with break-up experience. therapy.