Showing 347 results for Type of Study: Research
Mr Javad Changi Ashtiyani, Miss Somayeh Kazemian,
Volume 17, Issue 67 (10-2018)
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the life experience of Minority Students in Sar-e-Pol-e Zahab city in order to investigate the role of psychosocial support factors on their adaptability in earthquake crisis situations.
Method: The research was conducted with qualitative approach and content analysis method in 1397 in Sar-e-Pol-e Zahab city. Sampling was based on purpose and the data were collected through semi-structured interview with 11 graduate students in Sar-e-Pol-e-Zahab city to reaching information saturation.
Findings: The results of the analysis of the findings were expressed in five main categories: "Family protection, self-support, counseling support, social protection and spiritual protection" and with the subcategories belonging to each class.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that after-school students who experienced an earthquake after receiving some degree of family support, self-support, counseling, social support and spiritual support were received. As a result, they were able to return to school with social psychosocial support.
Mr Mahdi Omidian, Dr Isaac Rahimian Boogar, Dr , Dr Mahmoud Najafi, Dr Manijeh Kaveh,
Volume 17, Issue 67 (10-2018)
Abstract
Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of couples coping enhancement training on improving marital relations. Method: In this research with quasi-experimental design, a randomized controlled trial with baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up assessments along with placebo and control group was conducted. 36 couples by convenience sampling selected from couples referring to court of shahr e kord in the spring of 1396 due to marital problems and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 12; under administration of couples coping enhancement training based on cultural tailoring in 9 group sessions once a week), placebo group (n = 12; under administration of mere meeting with therapist in 9 group sessions once a week) and control group (n = 12). All couples completed an ENRICH Couple Scales in three phases of baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up. Data were analyzed by SPSS and descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Results of analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that the couples receiving the couples coping enhancement training based on cultural tailoring reported significant difference in the mean of marital relationship scores compared toplacebo and control group couples in post treatment (2 months after the baseline assessment) and follow-up (8 months after the baseline assessment) periods (F=8/105, P<0/001). Conclusion: According to the results, couples coping enhancement training is an effective method on improving marital relations.
Mrs Fatemeh Zaree, Dr Fatemeh Samiee, Dr Mohammadreza Abedi,
Volume 17, Issue 68 (1-2019)
Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of socio-dynamic counseling on the vocational identity of Isfahan university students. Methods: For this study, quasi-experimental method, with pretest-posttest and follow-up design, and a control group were used. The study population included all of the students at Isfahan university who were studying for their bachelor’s degree during the year 2015-2016. In this study, 30 subjects were randomly selected through voluntary sampling and were divided into two experimental and control groups (15 subjects in each group). The experimental group underwent socio dynamic counseling, but the control group did not receive any interventions. Data were collected using My Vocational Identity Scale (MVS) of Holland, Digger and Power (1980) and analyzed using SPSS-22 and analysis of variance through repeated measures. Findings: The results showed that socio-dynamic counseling had a significant effect on the vocational identity of students in post-test and follow-up stages (p0.05). The results also showed that socio-dynamic counseling had a significant effect on the vocational information and environmental and personal barriers (p0.05). Conclusions: The results suggested that socio-dynamic counseling could be used as an auxiliary process in career counseling and education.
Mis Kimia Vaezi,
Volume 17, Issue 68 (1-2019)
Abstract
Purpose: In Iranian culture, divorce is considered to be an undesirable phenomenon that brings with it a lot of consequences and serious challenges and concerns for people, especially women. In order to deal with the phenomenon of divorce and the subsequent stigma, divorced women often have to consider coping strategies. The aim of the present study is to clarify the coping strategies of women after divorce. Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted using thematic analysis through semi-structured interviews, with 21 divorced women living in the city of Baneh, Iran. Purposive sampling was used and the data collection process continued until data saturation was achieved. Results: The analysis of qualitative data revealed two types of strategies which included adaptable and maladaptive strategies of coping with conditions after divorce. Discussion: The results of the present study revealed that the use of coping strategies among divorced women is different depending on the personal ability, family and social support, and social capital at their disposal. Identifying strategies used by women to deal with conditions of divorce would give a more comprehensive understanding of their needs. Accordingly, empowering divorced women, teaching them coping strategies, strengthening family support, and providing social opportunities are some measures that results in the enhancement of the coping strategies of divorced women in post-divorce situation.
Mrs Sahar Samadikashan, Mrs Fateme Jafari, Mr Abdul Baset Mahmodpour, Mrs Sogand Ghasemzadeh,
Volume 17, Issue 68 (1-2019)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to predict the feeling of loneliness and tendency to divorce based on attachment styles according to the role of mediation self-differentiation. This study is of descriptive method and the design is correlational based on path analysis. The study population included all divorce-seeking couples referring to branches 6, 7 and 8 and enforcement branch of family court in Shahre rey, Tehran in 2016. Using available sampling method, 200 subjects were selected. The data were collected using four questionnaires: The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, 1996) Differentiation of Self Inventory (Skowron & Smith, 2003), Divorce Tendency Scale (Rusbult, 1986), and Adult Attachment Scale (Colins & Read, 1990). The results of the analysis were analyzed using structural equation analysis. Results: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between attachment styles with loneliness and tendency to divorce. There is also a significant relationship between self-differentiation with loneliness and tendency to divorce. Finally, attachment styles through self-differentiation can predict loneliness and tendency to divorce. Discussion and Conclusion: The research data with the proposed model has a perfect fit, so self-differentiation plays a significant mediator role in the relationship between attachment styles with loneliness and tendency to divorce.
Mr. Faramarz Asanjarani, Dr Rezvan Sadat Jazayeri, Dr Maryam Fateghizade, Dr Ozra Etemadi, Dr. Jan Demol,
Volume 17, Issue 68 (1-2019)
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigates the effectiveness community based intervention on post-divorce adjustment of divorced women. Method: The statistical populations of this study were all divorced women in Arak city, Iran, who have been divorce for less than 5 years in 2017. 34 women were recruited using convenience sampling and were divided into control and experimental groups (N=17). Fisher’s divorce adjustment scale (FDAS) (2004) was administered as pre- and post – test for both groups. Experimental group participated in 10 sessions – 2 hours each – community based intervention while control group did not received any treatment. Results: Results show that community-based program was effective on divorce adjustment except for anger and social trust subscale (p> 0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that community based intervention is effective on divorce adjustment and therefore, can be used as a reliable intervention for divorced women.
Ms Fateme Jafari, Dr Mansoureh Hsjhosseini, Dr Bagher Ghobari Bonab,
Volume 17, Issue 68 (1-2019)
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of emotion-focused counseling model based on Islamic teachings on the level of intimacy in incompatible couples. Methods: In the first stage, the research methodology was used in a qualitative way to extract the Islamic themes about emotion regulation and assess its content validity through a survey of experts in the field. For the second stage, the experimental research method was conducted in the framework of a pseudo-experimental design, utilizing a pre-test and post-test type, with a control group. The statistical population was selected from among 30 volunteers who had been selected from all married clients experiencing marital conflicts and referring to Yara counseling center in city of Saveh in the second half of the year 2017. They were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The toolds for gathering information included Thompson & Walker's Intimacy Scale (1983) and the Bagarozzi Marital Intimacy Needs (MINQ) Questionnaire. The program was run for 10 sessions of 90-minute group counseling for the experimental group, and the control group did not receive any training. Multivariate covariance analysis was used for data analysis. Findings: The research results indicated that the designed model had an appropriate validity (CVR =0.7125) and significantly increased the marital intimacy and its dimensions: emotional intimacy, psychological, intellectual, spiritual, aesthetic, and social-recreational, but it has no significant effect on the two dimensions, sexual and physical. Conclusions: It can be concluded that an emotion-focused counseling based on Islamic teachings model can help inconsistent couples gain more emotional control and more intimacy as an effective way.
Manizheh Qanaian, Maryam Tehranizadeh, Roghieh Haji Rostamloo,
Volume 17, Issue 68 (1-2019)
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between job security and organizational justice with job burnout in Emdad committee staff. Method: This study was of descriptive-correlational type, with research population including all of the staff at Emdad committee in Tehran in the year 2015-2016, that corresponded to 14,000 people. Random cluster sampling was used, and the 220 participating sample filled the job security questionnaire (Nisi, 1381), job burnout questionnaire (Meslash & Jackson ,1981), and organizational justice questionnaire (Niehoff, B.R., Moorman, 1993). The statistical analysis used in this study included regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient, and SPSS-18 software was also utilized for data analysis. Findings: The results showed that there was a positive significant relationship between levels of job security and job burnout (p<0.05). However, some of the dimension of the organizational justice can predict some of the dimension of job burnout (p<0.05). Conclusions: With job security, job burnout can be reduced in Emdad committee staff, and thorough increasing organizational justice, the rate of progress and success among employees also increased.
Seyed Ali Darbani, Peghah Farokhzad, Farah Lotfi Kashani,
Volume 17, Issue 68 (1-2019)
Abstract
Purpose: Current study was conducted to determine and compare the effectiveness of transactional analysis with short-term strategic family therapy on marital conflicts in couples who had referred to petroleum engineering organization’s counseling center. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental research with experimental and control groups, plus pre and post tests, and a follow-up after 2 months. The study population included couples who had referred to the mentioned counseling center, from which 45 couples were selected based on similar criteria. Moreover, 30 couples were chosen and randomly placed into two experimental and one control group. In this research 10 couples (20 individuals) received transactional analysis while 10 others received short-term strategic family therapy, and the third 10 participants were assigned to the control group. The two experimental groups received eight 90-minute therapy; but the control group was only administered the pre-test, but not received any therapy. All three groups received a post-test and the follow-up test after 2 months. For data analysis, repeated variance analysis and SPSS-22 software were used. Findings: Results showed that both transactional analysis and short-term strategic family therapy had influenced the level of conflict in participating couples in post-test and follow-up (p=0/005, F=5/92). Conclusions: Overall, it can be concluded that intervention with the two methods influences lowering marital conflicts.
Mrs Parisa Doostani, Dr Ahmad Sadeghi,
Volume 17, Issue 68 (1-2019)
Abstract
Purpose: Career goal discrepancy is the perceived gap between the current state and future state that the person considers for his or her career future. The purpose of the study was to predict career goal discrepancy by career-related stress, career goal feedback, and field of study in students. Methods: The statistical population of the study includes all senior students in Isfahan during 2016-2017. From this population, 450 students (225 male & 225 female) were selected through random stratified sampling. Career Goal Discrepancy Scale (Creed & Hood, 2015), Career-Related Stress Inventory (Choi et al, 2011), and Career Goal Feedback Scale (Hu, Creed & Hood, 2016) were used for data collection in this correlational study. Data were analyzed using correlational and multiple-regression methods. Findings: Results showed a positive and meaningful correlation between career-related stress, negative feedback about progress, negative feedback about goal suitability, and field of study with career goal discrepancy. Also, career-related stress, career goal feedback, and field of study predicted career goal discrepancy with coefficient of determination of 0/63. This means that career goal discrepancy can be predicted by career-related stress, career goal feedback, and field of study. Results: It is necessary that school counselors, parents, and other people important to the students think about their current academic state and their ideal state into the future; then help them in order to evaluate the discrepancy between these two, and eventually teach them techniques and actions to reduce this gap.
Miss Maryam Karimi, ,
Volume 17, Issue 68 (1-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the quality of parent-child interaction and critical thinking disposition with mental health components among adolescent girls.For this purpose, 319 girls from second grade of high school students in Yazd city were selected randomly in a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The instruments used in the research included the Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (PCRS), the Ricketts Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CTDI) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28).For data analysis , Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used. The results of this study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the quality of parent-child interaction with mental health and critical thinking patterns of adolescent girls. There is also a positive and significant relationship between the tendency to critical thinking and mental health. The results of regression analysis showed that quality of communication with father significantly predicted mental health and tendency to critical thinking in female adolescents.
Miss Zeinab Sadat Hoseini, Dr Javad Jahan, Miss Marjave Deihimi, Miss Soroor Sadat Sayyah, Mr , Yusef Ranjbar Sudejni, Miss Marzieh H Habibi, Mr Morteza Alizadeh,
Volume 18, Issue 69 (3-2019)
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of systemic-structurally oriented couple therapy and the teaching of the pluralistic family communication model on marital satisfaction in women with breast cancer. Method: This is a semi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population included all women with breast cancer referring to Tehran city one of Radiotherapy Clinic in 2015, among whom 30 were selected by objective sampling and interviews. They were randomly divided into three groups: pluralistic Family communication Model, Systemic-structurally oriented couple therapy and control group. Enrich marital satisfaction scale was used to collect the data. univariate analysis of covariance and Scheffe's post-hoc test was used for analyzing the data. Results: The results showed that systemic-structurally oriented couple therapy and communication model of pluralistic family significantly influenced marital satisfaction.(p<0.01). Also, the results of Scheffe's post-hoc test showed that the mean scores of the education group of pluralistic family communication model were significantly higher than the systemic-structural couple therapy group (p <0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that between the two approaches of systemic-structurally oriented couple therapy and the teaching of the pluralistic family communication model, is more effective than systemic-structurally oriented treatment on couple satisfaction.Therefore, family communication model can be considered as a preferred treatment in counseling and psychotherapy centers for marital satisfaction in women with breast cancer.
Mr Mohammad Hassan Asayesh, Dr Kiumars Farahbakhsh, Dr Hosein Salimi Bajestani, Dr Ali Delavar,
Volume 18, Issue 69 (3-2019)
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and explain the communication reactions of female victims of infidelity. Methods: The present study employed a phenomenoogical qualitative methodology. The study population consisted of female victims of infidelity in Shemiranat in the year 2016. Data collection continued through interviews until theoretical saturation was obtained. For this 18 women who were victims of infidelity were selected through purposive sampling and were investigated using semi-structured interviews, and the elicited data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: The data analysis in regards to the communication reactions of women victimized by infidelity resulted in two main themes, 10 subthemes, and 29 initial concepts. The main theme and associated sub-themes were: A). ‘The dissociation of communications’ consisting of the following subthemes: 1. the dissociation of mother-child relationship, 2. the dissociation of father-child relationship, 3. the dissociation of marital relationship, 4. The dissociation of family relationships, 5. the dissociation of interpersonal relationships, 6. the dissociation of relationship with God; and B). "Communications continuity", consisting of the following sub-themes: 1. the continuity of spousal relationship, 2. improving the mother-child relationship, 3. getting social support, 4. improving the relationship with God. Conclusions: This study showed that infidelity has similar and sometimes different communicational effects that are experienced by female victims of infidelity. the effects of infidelity can be either maladaptive or adaptive. The results were interpreted based on the social construction and attachment theories.
Mr Mousa Choupani, Mr Mohammad Mehdi Sohrabifard, Mr Farook Mohammadi, Ms Noshin Esmaeli, Ms Azar Samdifard,
Volume 18, Issue 69 (3-2019)
Abstract
Objective: Marital infidelity is a subject shocking for couples & common phenomenon in today's society that affect the dissolution of the family & couples divorce. The goal of this research qualitative study causes & factors inhibition of infidelity in unfaithful men. Methods: In the present qualitative research, the phenomenological approach was used. The study population consisted of all unfaithful men in the city Shahindezh, that after identifying a large number of them by the researcher, from among them using the purposive sampling method 12 man (who willing to establishing relationships with investigator & were interviewed) were selected to participate in the study & then were interviewed. All the interviews were tape-recorded & then transcribed verbatim & finally analyzed through method of interpretive analysis of Diekelmann, Allen, & Tanner. Results: The analysis of data from interviews led to identification of 51 primary codes, 9 subtheme & 3 main theme in the context of the cause's infidelity (1. Intrapersonal causes: sexual variety, lack of adherence to religious, Acquisition of self-confidence & Revenge. 2. Interpersonal causes: sexual dissatisfaction, emotional dissatisfaction & lack of commitment. 3. Environmental causes: preparation of infidelity situation & derangement of mate selection) & 23 Primary codes, 5 subtheme & 3 main theme in the context of inhibitor causes from marital infidelity (1. Interpersonal inhibitors: emotional satisfaction & sexual satisfaction. 2. Environmental inhibitors: eliminating the environmental provoking & release from selective compulsion 3. Intrapersonal inhibitors: religious adherence) in the infidelity men. Conclusion: The researchers & programmer of the field of marriage & family could by eliminating the causes of the tendency of the couples to the extramarital relationships & reinforcement of inhibitors factors in them & in their functional environment, to a large degree decrease the possibility of these people to extramarital affair & prepare the context of couple system stability & the unit of family.
, , , ,
Volume 18, Issue 69 (3-2019)
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of educational package for enrichment of marital life based on emotional focused therapy (EFT) on the improvement of couples’ communicational patterns. Methods: The research method of the study was pseudo-experimental in which pre-test and post-test for the two control and experimental groups were used. To do so, 30 couples were selected purposefully from the population of couples who referred to the counseling centers in the city of Gorgan, Iran for improving their relationship. They were then randomly assigned to control and experimental goups. The experimental group participated in 8 three-hour sessions of group education, while the control group on the waiting list did not receive any particular intervention. In order to assess the dependent variable, Communication Patterns Questionnaire (Christensen & Sullaway, 1984) was used. The data were analyzed using covariation analysis. Findings: The results of the data analysis indicate that education based on EFT was more effective in improvement couples’ communicational patterns for participants in the experimental group, than those with no such intervention in the control group (p<0/01). Furthermore, post-hoc test shows that the effect of education in enrichment of marital life based on EFT was stable and no significant difference was identified between the averages of pre-test and post-hoc test stages (p<0/01). Conclusions: The results approve influence of education about enrichment of marital life based on EFT on improvement of newly married couples’ communicational patterns
Dr Ashraf Mikaeili, Dr Parviz Porzoor,
Volume 18, Issue 69 (3-2019)
Abstract
Purpose: Considering the effect of attitude toward God on different aspects of health of individuals, the present study aims to model the structural equations of the relationship between the positive and negative conception of God with mental health components (anxiety, stress and depression) in students. has taken. Methods: This study was conducted on a sample of 240 male and female students in the city of Ardebil in the academic year of 1996-96 using a survey method and multi-stage cluster sampling. The data were collected using God's Imagination Questionnaire (RSI), anxiety, stress and depression scales of Lavender, and analyzed using structural equation analysis, Pearson correlation test, multiple regression and t-test. Findings: The results showed that the positive and negative conception of God can predict the mental health (anxiety, stress and depression) of students, so that the positive image of God with the symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression and a negative impression of God had significant relationship with anxiety, stress and depression symptoms (P<0.001). Also, according to the structural equation model, the coefficients of the positive image pathway from God to anxiety, stress and depression are negative and significant, and the coefficients of the negative image pathway from God to anxiety, stress and depression are positive and statistically significant (P≤0.05). Such that predictors of anxiety, stress and depression present in the model (positive image of God and negative image of God), explained their variance 27.8%, 40.6%, and 42% respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the kind of image of God has a significant role in predicting mental health of students. Therefore, teaching positive image of God and providing religious backgrounds in different classes during the period of study and extracurricular classes plays an effective role in promoting mental health of students.
Leila Shahrabi, Maryam Fatehizade, Ozra Etemadi,
Volume 18, Issue 69 (3-2019)
Abstract
Purpose: Mate selection and having a happy and successful marriage is one of the most important issues in the lives of many. One of the issues that affects the success rate of mate selection is the attitude toward this choice. The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes of mate selection of single Iranian girls. Methods: This study was carried out with qualitative method, using thematic analysis approach. In this study, the researchers used purposive sampling method to identify and interview fifteen 18 to 30 year-old girls in Tehran. All interviews were recorded and then hand-written line by line, and then analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: Analysis of the data obtained from the interviews resulted in identifying two main categories of effective selection attitudes with subcategories (rationality and logic-realism, realism, belief in self-knowledge, belief in knowing the other, considering the cognitive relationship as necessary, belief in balancing, belief in mutual consultation and counseling for making a choice) and ineffective selective attitudes with subcategories (idealistic, considering making a choice or marriage as restrictive, perceiving as ineffective and unnecessary mutual consultation in making a choice, and seeing choice and marriage as a bridge to the absolute emancipation from suffering) in relation to the attitudes of girls near making a marital selection. Conclusions: The findings of this study, through identifying the effective and ineffective attitudes of girls toward mate selection provided the basis for developing educational and corrective programs to strengthen positive attitudes in this group of people, and recognizing ineffective attitudes provided the means to eliminate these attitudes in order to make a more successful selection.
Zahra Naghsh, Zahra Ramezanie, Leila Afzali, Zahra Afkari Shahrestani,
Volume 18, Issue 69 (3-2019)
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of socioeconomic status on individual and combination effects, and resilience to academic performance. Methods: For this purpose, 600 students who were selected by two stage cluster sampling methodology completed the Martin and Marsh Resiliency Questionnaire (2006) and their parents answered the International Socioeconomic Status Questionnaire. TIMSS (Which is repeated every four years for the country's performance in science and mathematics education to determine the trend of educational change and even the rate of decline and increased performance of students in participating countries after these years). Parents were also identified in three groups with high socioeconomic status, moderate, and low levels of this variable. Findings: Multilevel structural Equation Model was used to study and analyze the data. The results showed that socioeconomic status had a significant direct effect on academic performance in both levels of the student and the family, and the effect of resilience on academic performance was significant. Conclusions: The model has a good fit and 22% of students' performance variance at the student level and 28% of the variance in the performance of students at the family level was explained.
Nasrin Mahmoudi, Roghaye Mousavi, , ,
Volume 18, Issue 69 (3-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: Economic and family conditions are one of the most important factors affecting the mental health of the child.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of family and economic factors on hyperactivity and attention deficit (ADHD) symptoms in children aged 11-6 years.
Method: To investigate the aim of the research, qualitative research method was used. Therefore, 13 mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were selected by semi-structured interviews and then the data were analyzed by the method of content analysis.
Results: The results of the research in the qualitative section led to the identification of four sub categories and two main categories.
Conclusion: The results showed that the family of children with ADHD have low income, inadequate living space, lack of a child's room, low level of education, lack of awareness about child's disorder and single/multi parent. These factors may increase the symptoms of ADHD.
It is suggested that therapists pay attention to stressful factors such as economic and family conditions in the treatment of children with ADHD.
, ,
Volume 18, Issue 70 (7-2019)
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate The effectiveness of cognitive self-compassion on general health of woman headed households (somatization, anxiety, social dysfunction, depression) of Female Headed Households headed by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. Method: The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of study included all the Female-headed households under coverage of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee was formed in Rasht city in the second half 2015 year, That among them by using available, 30 female were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group (15 individuals) and control group (15 individuals). The experimental group had received 8 sessions of Cognitive Self-Compassion Program. General Health questionnaire used to data gathering. Data were analyzed by multivariable co-variance test. Finding: Findings indicated that the research hypothesis of effect of Cognitive Self-Compassion Program on Mental Health (somatization, anxiety, social dysfunction, depression) of Female-headed households had been proven and Female-headed households of experimental group in comparison with control group, in posttest had a significantly less somatization, anxiety, social dysfunction, depression. Conclusion: So, we can conclude that Cognitive Self-Compassion Program has a significant effect on Mental Health of Female-headed households.
