Journal of Counseling Research

Abstract The purpose of this study was Developing and Validation of psychologists’ professional ethics Ques-tionnaire for Counselors. The method of this study was Correlation. The population were counselors and psychologists in Tehran. The sample was 178 married men and women of consultants who have a bachelor's degree or higher. The instrument of this study was Ethics Ques‌tionnaire for Counselors. Factor analysis revealed five factors in the questionnaire: informed consent was 90.29 percent of the total variance, upholding the law and culture was 75.6% of the total variance, transparency in the relationship was 64/4 percent of the total variance, and responsibility in crisis counseling was 13.4 percent and ethics in applying was 89.3% of the total variance. Test-retest reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.81, and the internal consistency was 0.92. Ethics questionnaire regarding the validity and reliability was the right tool for the assessment of professional ethics for Counselors

The purpose of the present research is to evaluate sexual skills training on increasing marital satisfaction. Statistical population in this research was all women who refer to 71 private centers and 4 clinics of Karaj in 1389. In this population, 36 women were selected as the sample which their score was lower than cut point in Enrich (marital satisfaction questionnaire). These persons replaced randomly in two experiment and control groups. The instrument of this research was Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire. The method of this research was pre-test, post-test with control group. Experimental group received (six hour sessions) sexual skills training .Both groups were tested and evaluated three times (pre-test post-test and follow-up).The data for the research hypotheses were analyzed by one- way covariance analysis (ANCOVA) and multi- variable covariance analysis (MANCOVA). The results showed that the sexual skills training increase couple's marital satisfaction.

This study aimed to predict mate selection preference of female students through attachment styles and early maladaptive schema. With this purpose, 300 students (female) were selected randomly from students of Islamic Azad University. The subjects completed questionnaires of Early Maladaptive Schemas (short form) , Attachment Styles (AAQ) and Mate Selection Preference. Results indicated that there was a negative correlation between secure attachment style and content mate selection preference as well as between avoidant attachment style and process mate selection. There is negative correlation between impaired autonomy and performance and impaired limits domains, with process mate selection. The multiple regression analyses showed that secure attachment style was the best predictor of content mate selection preference as well as avoidant attachment style was the best predictor of process mate selection preference. Results also showed that impaired autonomy and performance was the best predictor of content mate selection preference and process mate selection preference.

The purpose of the present study was the prediction of general health based on the components of self-compassion (self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness and over-identification) among students who have experienced love break up in Ahwaz universities. The present research method was correlation. The participants of the study were 190 girls who have experienced love break up over a year ago. The selection of sample population was purposive sampling. The instruments for data gathering include Goldberg General Health Questionnaire and Neff Self-Compassion Inventory. For the analysis of the data, discriminate analysis method was used. Results showed that linear combination of the variables of the study can predict general health among girls of universities of Ahwaz. With the usage of step by step method of discriminate analysis, it has been also identified that order of the most efficient variables in prediction of general health were 1- over-identification and 2- common humanity. Investigation of the variables separately showed that all variables including self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness and over-identification were significant predictive for general health among girls of Ahwaz city.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of Imago Therapy techniques and life skills training program in communication' Patterns for young couples. The population in this study was young couples who have referred to counseling centers in Bushehr. The sample consisted of 90 subjects (45 pairs) and they were replaced into two experimental groups and one control group. After the pre-test, each group for 10 sessions (one session per week) exposure to life skills education and training of Imago Therapy techniques. The research instrument was the questionnaire of communication pattern. For data analysis, covariance and regression analyzes were used. Results showed that both Imago Therapy techniques and life skills training was effective on improving couples' communication patterns. With comparing the two methods,( Imago Therapy techniques and life skills training) life skills training, is more effective in improving couples' communication patterns.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between motivation and objectives of social development with academic procrastination. The subjects, 275 (boys and girls) in the city of Marivan were selected. The instruments in this study were academic motivation, social development and academic procrastination questionnaires. For data analysis, stepwise regression and structural equation model was used. The results of stepwise regression showed that among the components of academic motivation of task components, competition, business social cohesion cookies and components of social progress goals (mastery, performance-oriented, performance avoidance) can predict academic procrastination. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the motivational education and social development goals can predict academic procrastination. The results of this research can be used to overcome procrastination and academic failure among students and increase student motivation.

The purpose of this study was the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy on reducing the rate of depression and rumination in women that suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome. The statistic population in this study consisted of all females who referred to the health and clinical centers in Tabriz city and suffered from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 30 female patients were selected and randomly replaced into two groups. The instruments of this research were Chalder fatigue scale (CFS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Rumination Response Questionnaire (RSQ) . The results showed that there is significant effect of Cognitive Behavior Therapy on reducing depression in the women. Additionally, the results obtained from Rumination Response Questionnaire indicated that, the effect of Cognitive Behavior Therapy on reducing the obsessive rumination in subjects was significant. Therefore, it can be claimed that Cognitive Behavior Therapy’s effect on reducing obsessive rumination was to some extent more than reducing depression. Furthermore, it can be deduced that Cognitive Behavior Therapy effect on decreasing of depression and obsessive rumination by means of changing people’s interpretation of situations and changing attention of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of forgiveness therapy program on marital conflicts and life quality of women referred to Arak Welfare Organization. For this purpose, among women whom gained the high scores (high then 25) in the marital conflict questionnaire (an available sample), a sample of 30 women was assigned randomly into two experimental and control groups. In order to test the research hypotheses, a semi-experimental pre-test and post-test design with the control group was used. The instruments of this study were SF36 life quality and ENRICH marital conflict questionnaires. Then the experimental group received ten 75-minute sessions of forgiveness therapy program, but the control group did not receive any treatment. The outcomes of T-test and MANOVA indicated that forgiveness therapy program was effectiveness on reducing marital conflicts and increasing women's life quality in general, and this effect was statistically meaningful at p&le.05.

Alaminiya, M – Eskandari, H – Borjali, A The scientific theories including psychological theories based on some specific meta-theoretical presuppositions which considerably influence the theory, and the differences among psychological theories, to some extent, reflect more fundamental differences among theories on these presuppositions. Since theoretical and philosophical presuppositions play an important role in evolution of scientific theories, it seems, changing these basic presuppositions and replacing them with metaphysical cultural assumptions as new foundations, can conclude paradigm shift in present scientific theories. In the present study, anthropological, psychological and methodological presuppositions of psychopathology and psychotherapy have been investigated according to Rumi's view, on the scope of helping to shape a new vision in these domains. Our research method is qualitative content analysis. Results have shown that, Rumi, emphasis on freedom of mankind and sees the individual as capable of fundamental change throughout life span .He believes Language is the main determinant of behavior. Rumi sees the tendency of man to growth and perfection as a way that leads him to actual health and elation. He believes mankind is generally in pathology situation, man usually misdiagnosis true self and is captured by physical attachment, egoistic tendencies and vain imagination which make him upset and distressed. Amplifying Pseudo self Puts a person at risk of pathology and make him ill. The process of therapy and getting rid of the pathology, is the process of loss and the elimination of the Pseudo self and gain the "bi khodi" that involves difficult encounter and is associated with tension and pain. In Rumi's view, language is so important and man’s mental is not separate from his language. Language especially story and narrative has consid, erable and important role in shaping the meaning, cognition and behavior and is considered as origin of psychopathology and psychotherapy. It’s the language which makes a person ill or heals him. Linguistic and narrative analysis is a suitable way to study human issues and psychopathology. Keywords: Rumi, psychopathology and psychotherapy, anthropological presupposition, psychological presupposition, methodological presupposition, language. Construction and Validity of Problems between Adolescent and Parents Test Sanagooi Zadeh, M - Etemadi, O - Ahmadi, A - Jazayeri , R The present research aims to design and build problems adolescents with parents test and assess its validity. The method of this research has had two stages. The first stage was qualitative method. For this purpose, in addition to interview with adolescents and parents and sciences extensive library studies was collected categories problems adolescents with parents with systematic analyze method. Questionnaire was made consisting 60 questions in two forms mothers’ form & father’s form. In the second stage, validity and reliability of this tool was examined by a connotative method. So 200 boys students of Isfahan high school was selected by simple random sampling, And they complete this questionnaire. The data were studied through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The finding revealed three factor (internal problems, interpersonal relationship problems, Parental style). The results of analysis with exploratory analysis and confirmatory analysis explain a considerable percentage of variance of the three factors. The Cronbach’s alpha equal was for mother’s form test 0/93 and father’s form test 0/92. The conclusion is that it is possible to make a test of high validity with consistent factors and ample ability to measure adolescent's problems with parents. ,

The present research aims to design and build problems adolescents with parents test and assess its validity. The method of this research has had two stages. The first stage was qualitative method. For this purpose, in addition to interview with adolescents and parents and sciences extensive library studies was collected categories problems adolescents with parents with systematic analyze method. Questionnaire was made consisting 60 questions in two forms mothers’ form & father’s form. In the second stage, validity and reliability of this tool was examined by a connotative method. So 200 boys students of Isfahan high school was selected by simple random sampling, And they complete this questionnaire. The data were studied through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The finding revealed three factor (internal problems, interpersonal relationship problems, Parental style). The results of analysis with exploratory analysis and confirmatory analysis explain a considerable percentage of variance of the three factors. The Cronbach’s alpha equal was for mother’s form test 0/93 and father’s form test 0/92. The conclusion is that it is possible to make a test of high validity with consistent factors and ample ability to measure adolescent's problems with parents.

The birth of a child creates a significant change in the family system and reset the system family. This study examined mother’s perceptions of everyday marital change across the transition to parenthood. What challenges and changes women experience the transition to parenthood? The method of this research was phenomenological and qualitative method. 30 women were selected by purpose-based way. For data gathering, we used supervisors and participants review criteria. The findings showed that mothers faced with the challenges of changing views about self and former lifestyle, inactivity and loss of professional identity, loss of interest in sexual intimacy, traditional beliefs about baby sexuality, Overwhelming focus on children, little time or resources to do a little business partner role, increased stress and depression, increasing the need for organizing, having a common time limit of couple relationships, Strengthen the relationship between mother and child, restriction of freedom and a sense of inequality, lack of co-management in children and egalitarianism in the role, the role of anxiety in determining the boundaries of the system.10 women decreased marital satisfaction during transition to parenthood and marital satisfaction of 3 women didn’t no change.17 women increased marital satisfaction in transition to parenthood. We concluded Women be faced with major challenges in transition to parenthood, in many cases, health education interventions should be done with family. Health professionals should have special attention to the transition to parenthood.

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between marital satisfaction, depression and immune system in spouses of Ahvaz. The sample consisted of 30 couples who were selected randomly from 52 couples and they were matched from age, educational status, physical and mental disorders and other criteria considered in this research. The instruments were Hudson marital satisfaction inventory and Beck major depression inventory (BDI).Also their immune system was assessed through blood sample. The results revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between marital satisfaction and CD4, CD4/CD8, and NK cells (CD16, CD56). Also, there was a significant negative relationship between marital satisfaction and depression. In addition, there was a significant difference between male and female in immune system and depression. The rate of depression in female was higher than male, but the rate of immune system in male was higher than female. Further, the results of this research indicated that marital satisfaction and depression explained %17 of most role to predict the immune system. Also, the role of marital satisfaction was more than depression to predict the immune system.

Every couple has a unique pattern of personality needs that enter the mutual relationship. The level of the mutual needs satisfaction should be relatively high in an intimate relationship. The Violence emerges from the anger caused by dispairment to satisfy mutual needs. The purpose of this study was a qualitative research of marriage Pathology based on deprivation of basic needs satisfaction (young etal, 2003) and how to meet the needs in interpersonal relationships. Subjects were 25 students of Master of Counseling of Allameh tabataba,I University & family Psychology of Science and Culture University in 91-92 and 92-93 which were chosen by available sampling. For data collection, projective question was used. By coding and classification of subject responses, schemes and the concepts were identified. Results showed that participants in projecting their thoughts on marriage have many maladaptive schemas. Marriage is damaged by the inability to establish a safe and satisfying attachment with others mainly caused by emotional deprivation(ED), focus on inflexible rules, the inability to form an independent identity, failure to comply the rights of others & suppressing basic demands for love and approval.

The aim of this study was to investigating the effectiveness of communication skills training on self-differentiation among referring couples coming to registered offices in Masjed Soleiman city to get married. In this study, four couples (eight men and women) were selected using voluntary-purposive sampling method. The research design was single-case experimental of multiple baseline type. In ten sessions, couples were trained communication skills, and completed the Self-differentiation Questionnaire after training stages. The data were analysed by visual drawing method, Reliable Change Index (RCI), and recovery rate formula. The findings showed that communication skills training led to increase of self-differentiation (26.43%) in general, 27.37% in the first, 20% in second, 28.18% in third, and 30.23% in fourth couples. These were maintained percentages in follow-up stage. The Reliable change indices showed a meaningful change and increases in self-differentiation in during training and follow-up stages. The training led to relative increasing of couple's differentiation, and separated feeling of logic.

i The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of attachment styles and parenting styles on self-actualization with mediating role of personality characters in students of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research of Khuzestan. 360 students (174 girls, 132 boys) were selected by simple random sampling method. The instruments included Simpson Attachment Inventory, Zaynali Inventory, NEO-FFI and Ahwas Self- Actualization Inventory. Fitness of the proposed model was examined through Structural Eqmation Modeling (SEM), using SPSS- 18 and Amas-18 Software packes. Indirect hypothesis were tested by bootstrap procedure. The results showed that the proposed model fit the data. Better fit and more meaningful results obtained by omittinh 1 nonsignificant path (authoritative style to openness) and using AMOS modification indices. Results related to indirect effects showed that indirect paths were significant except 3 indirect paths (secure attachment style to self–actualization through conscientiousness, unsecure attachment style to self–actualization through neuroticism and authoritative style to self–actualization through conscientiousness).

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of martial skills training based on Guttmann model on the marital happiness of couples in Doroud city. Research method was Quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The population of the study consisted of all mothers of high school girl students in 2011-2012 in Doroud city. The sample size included 30 persons selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling and then put into control and experimental groups. To collect data, marital happiness scale (MHS) was utilized as the research tool. Data were analyzed by using covariance analysis with SPSS software. Based on the findings, it was revealed that marital skills learning increase the happiness of marital life.

The Purpose of present study was to examine the effectiveness of positive psychology based training on resiliency and anger control on high school students in Yazd city. In this research we used experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. Statistical community contained students who were studying in first class of high school in Yazd in 1391-1392. Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used and 24 students with low resiliency and high anger score were chosen and placed in control and experimental groups randomly and equally. Experimental group were taught based on positive psychology during 12 sessions. We used Connor and Davidson resilience and trait –state questionnaire. Covariance analysis used for data analysis. Results showed that positive psychology training was effective on resilience and anger control and its some subscales. Positive psychology training with reinforcement of positive emotions and perception of abilities can increase resiliency. Also, this training with using of subjective experience and forgiveness helps for anger control and replacement of anger with positive emotions. l

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of group education based on choice theory on increasing flexibility and marital satisfaction. The research design was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest with control group. The population consisted of all married women referring to Women Association in Garmsar. 12 couples were selected and assigned into two experimental and control groups with available sampling and voluntary, and with regard to entry and exit criteria. The experimental group received eight sessions of choice theory-based intervention and control group received no intervention. The research tools included Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire and Flexibility Questionnaire. The data were analyzed with multi-variate analysis of covariance. The results showed that group education based on choice theory has had positive effects on the flexibility in couples (F=8.69, P<.01). Also, group education based on choice theory lead to increase marital satisfaction in couples (F=16.68, P< .01). According to these results, group education based on choice theory can be used for increasing marital satisfaction, improving marital relationships, and decreasing conflicts and preventing couples’ struggles.

The present research was performed to Design the Marital Adjustment Model with due attention to Islamic life Style and Perfectionism in High School Teachers in Birjand. The method of research was non experimental and structural equation Modeling (SEM). A sample of 300 teachers from Birjand city was selected through random cluster sampling (150 male and 150 female). The tools included: Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test (LWMAT) Kaviani’s Islamic life Style Test (ILST), Tehran Multi Phase Perfectionism Scale (TMPS). Descriptive statistical methods including calculation of mean, standard deviation and path analysis inferential statistics indexes were used. The hypothetical model was tested through path analysis by using the Amos software The Islamic life style has had a direct and positive effect on marital adjustment, and Perfectionism has also had a direct and negative effect on marital adjustment. But there is no meaningful relation between Islamic life style and Perfectionism. The results showed that the model, after modification, the model fitness indexes enjoyed a desirable status. .

The purpose of this study was done to explain the difference between dimensions of self-regulatory learning strategies in high-school students in different family types based on family process and content model. The research method was descriptive and post event. For this reason multistage cluster sampling was selected between second and third of 308 (186 female, 122 male) high-school students in Shiraz. The information was collected from self-report family process scale and self-report family content scale (children form) and motivated strategies for learning questionnaire were used that their validity and reliability has been confirmed. The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA & MANOVA. The results showed that cognitive strategies have significant difference in healthy family and unhealthy family. Also results showed that there is difference in self- regulatory learning strategies among students in different family types. And is recommended to school psychologists and counselors that this issue should be considered in consultation with the student.