Journal of Counseling Research

Purpose: This research was conducted to examine the efficacy of the integrative couple therapy and emotionally focused on increasing marital intimacy injured by wife infidelity (male).

Method: The research method was Semi experimental (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up) using two experimental groups and one control group. The study population included all couples involved with the issue of marital infidelity (male) referred to one of three regional counseling centers in Isfahan in 1394. To investigate research assumptions, 24 couples were selected through available sampling, and placed randomly in the Integrative Couple Therapy (8 couples), Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (8 couples) and control group (8couples). For data collection, Marital Intimacy Questionnaire by Olia, Fatehizadeh and Bahrami (2006) was applied. Two experimental groups participated in 8 session's couple therapy, the control groups was not exposed to any intervention. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measures.

Results: The results showed that between couples of each experimental groups and control group in marital intimacy and its dimensions (emotional, intellectual, physical, social- recreation, contact, spiritual, psychological, sexual, general) there are significant differences (P≤0/05). The results also showed that two approaches, both on the post-test and on the follow up test, are almost identical in increasing general marital intimacy (P<0/05). While, emotionally focused couple therapy, both on the post-test and on the follow up test, is more effective than integrative couple therapy on increasing  marital intimacy in dimensions of emotional, intellectual, contact, spiritual and  sexual.

Conclusion: The results indicated that integrative couple therapy and emotionally focused couple therapy can reduce communication problems caused by betrayed wife. 

The aim of present research was to study effectiveness of social competence training based on Flener model on resilience and rate of victimization of students who are bullying victims. Research design was a quasi-experimental method along with pre-test/post-test and control group. The population consisted of girl victims who were studying at 7th and 8th grade in first stage of secondary school. Sample consisted of 96 victim students that first were screened and then were randomly assigned to experimental (n=46) and control (n=46) groups. California Bullying Victimization and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scales were used. Social competence training was conducted in 12 sessions during six weeks for experimental group and control group received no training. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that the training is effective on increase of resilience and on decrease of the rate of victimization of victims. These results have important implications for officials and consultants in helping to bullying victims and in decrease of bad effects of bullying phenomenon on these students.

Background: Emotional divorce is considered as the most important factor in the rupture of the most fundamental structure of society, namely the family. This study aimed to investigate the role of cognitive avoidance components and metacognitive belief in the prediction of Spouses emotional divorce. Methods: The study statistical population consisted of all Spouses in Ardabil city in 2015. 120 people (60 married Spouses) were selected as the statistical sample using the convenience sampling. Data were collected through cognitive avoidance scale (Dugas & Sextons, 2004), MCQ-30 metacognitive belief scale (wells & Cartwright-Hatton, 2004), and Gutman's emotional divorce scale (2008). Research data were analyzed by Independent t test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression methods. Findings: The study results showed there is not meaningful difference among emotional divorce of men and women (p<0.05). Also, that a significant positive relationship exists between cognitive avoidance components and Spouses emotional divorce (p<0.05). In addition, a significant negative relationship existed between metacognitive belief and Spouses emotional divorce (p<0.05). Beta coefficients for predictor variables indicated that thoughts repression (15%), thoughts succession (13%), distractions (16%), changing image to thought (40%), and metacognitive belief (-14%) have significantly predictive capability of Spouses emotional divorce (p<0.05). Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that cognitive avoidance components and metacognitive belief are considered as the variables related to Spouses emotional divorce and have predictive capability of it.

 Objectives: The purpose of this study was to predict the marital burnout on emotional expressivness and marital attributions in married people referring to the welfare organization in Ardabil. Method: Statistical population comprised of all married people referring to the welfare organization in Ardabil in 1394, from this population, 150 married people were selected using convenience sampling method. The used tools were Marital Burnout Questionnaire, Emotional expressivness Questionnaire and marital attributions Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed through Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results: The findings showed a positive significant correlation between marital of attributions and Expressiveness negative with marital burnout and significant negative correlation between Positive expressiveness and Express intimacy with marital burnout. The results of regression analysis also revealed that 63% of the total variance of marital burnout can be explained by marital attributions and 71% by Emotional expressivness. Conclusion: Therefore, considering the importance of marital burnout of married people and role of Emotional expressivness and marital attributions to predict it, paying attention to informing people about the attributions of communication and emotional expressiveness is necessary.

The relation of strength of stimulus to repidity of habit

This research was  aimed finding the predictive role of irrational communicative beliefs and love components with marital disenchantment among women referring to counseling centers in Shiraz, Iran. Statistical population of this study consisted of all women who referred to these centers due to marital disenchantment and the sample comprised 203 women, who were selected by random sampling method. The instruments used in this research are Relational Beliefs Questionnaire, Love Components Questionnaire and Marital Disenchantment Questionnaire. Results of multiple regressions as synchronous method showed that relationship beliefs predict marital disenchantment positively as well as love components predict marital disenchantment of women negatively. Pearson correlation test showed that there is relationship between the field variables (age, marriage duration, education and number of children) and marital disenchantment as well as field variables and relational beliefs as the age of participants does not affect on the beliefs. Also, the results of Pearson correlation coefficients showed that there is relationship between field variables and love components in women as the education level does not affect on their love components. And the regression test results as synchronous method showed the anticipated components of love (especially, Intimacy) of the relational beliefs.

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was comparing parenting styles of parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Method: This was a causal-comparative research. The statistical population of this research includes the whole parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder in Shiraz city that among them, 90 subjects (49 parents of children with autism spectrum disorders and 50 parents of children without autism spectrum disorders) were selected as a sample size. Sample of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder were selected by available sampling and sample of parents of children without autism spectrum disorder were selected by multistage random sampling method. Parenting styles questioner (Robinson et al., 1995) was used for measuring of parenting styles. Data were analyzed using MANOVA. Results: results showed that the authoritarian's Parenting style of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder significantly are more than the parents of children without autism spectrum disorders and authoritative parenting style of parents of children without autism spectrum disorder significantly are more than of parents of children with autism spectrum disorders(P<0.001) and in permissive's parenting styles there was no significant differences between parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder (p>0/05). Conclusion: According to the finding of this research, designing and implementing of parenting styles workshops for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder is necessary.

Keywords: Parenting Styles, Parents, Children, Autism Spectrum Disorder

Purpose: The pourpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of instruction of model of healthy family on resiliency in mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Qom, Iran. Method: Quasi experimental design was adopted in which pre-test, post-test, and control group were deployed. The sampling population of the present study included all mothers of children with ASD of Qom in 2016. In so doing, 30 participants were selected based on simple random sampling among those mothers willingly participated in instructional sessions of model of healthy family. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental (n=15) and control group (n=15). During an identical condition, data from both groups were collected by means of demographic information questionnaire resiliency and then analyzed as the pre-test. Subsequently, during a period of 10 sessions participants of experimental group were instructed the model of healthy family, whereas control group received no specific instruction. After that, both groups participated in a following post-test and data were analyzed using ANCOVA. Results: The results discovered that instruction of model of healthy family has a meaningful and positive impact on resiliency (P<0/05) in mothers of children with ASD. Conclusion: All in all, based on the results of the present study, the model of healthy family, as an appropriate treatment, can have a considerable efficacy on recovery of resiliency in mothers of children with Autism ASD. 

The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and marital commitment in people who have committed adultery in the marital relationship. Methods: This study was correlational. The study population included all individuals who commit disloyalty to have been married in the spring of 95 were referred to counseling centers in Tehran, where 428 people were selected using a hand. To collect the data, Hazan and Shaver adult attachment style and marital commitment Adams and Jones were used. The data correlation and regression analysis using software PLS-3 been done. Results: The results revealed that attachment styles can commit 13% of unfaithful people predict changes . Regression analysis anxious attachment style (01 / 0p≤) and regression coefficient avoidant attachment style (05 / 0p≤) on marital commitment is significant. Secure attachment style was not significant, but the regression coefficient. Since marriage and choice of spouse is living one of the most important decisions with regard to the role of insecure attachment styles predict the anxiety and avoidance, should be The identification of these two variables in pre-marriage counseling as well as training parents on child education and stressed that attachment styles.

The purpose of present study were investigating of students’ awareness, availability and using of informational recourse in discipline selection. This study was a description research that carried out in students of 10^th grad who select a discipline in new school year in 1394-95. 187 students were selected by categorical random sampling and answer to a researcher-made questionnaire which investigate awareness, availability and using of Informational Recourse in discipline selection. The data analyzed by bionamibal test. The results show that students were awarded to the role of professional, teachers and students idea in discipline selection, analyzing of school performance in past years, personal research about disciplines and measure of their ability and interest in discipline selection. This resource were available to them and using it in discipline selection. The students also were awarded to the role of counselors and counseling centers to discipline selection, but except school counselors, other counseling recourses were not available to them and they were not using these resources to discipline selection. The students were awarded the role of school services, personal study and Broadcasting in discipline selection but these resources were not available to at least half of them and many of them were not using it in discipline selection. With regarding the results can concluded that a good awareness about students were informational recourses in discipline selection in participants, but many of these resources, specially counseling centers, were not available to these students and they were not using it in their discipline selection.

Objective: This essay seeks to study the effectiveness of therapy based on fluent consciousness on activation of EQ-I constituents of climacteric women. Method: this study is a quasi-experimental research based on pre-test and post-test of control group. The statistic population of the research includes the climacteric women living in all neighborhoods of the 7th region of Tehran City. The sampling was done in a voluntary fashion and the participants were asked to fill the questionnaires of EQ-I and 20 of them who had scored marks lower than mean were chosen randomly as the control and test groups. The EQ-I questionnaire was used for collecting data and covariance test was used for analysis. Findings: the research findings indicate that the mark of the test group is meaningfully more than the control group. (05/0>p). Conclusion: Accordingly we can conclude that the therapy based on fluent consciousness on activation of EQ-I constituents are affective on the climacteric women.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of holographic reprocessing therapy on improrement of traumatic memories and  Posttraumatic Cognitions in Womens asked divorce. Method: this study to method Semi-experimental Of type pretest-posttest was with control group .Among all women of divorce applicant of court Bijar city in 1394, 30 patients were simple randomly selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups divided. Each group comprised 15 patients. To collect information from questionnaires understanding of trauma and PTSD Scale Mississippi was used. And The data analyzed by descriptive indicators and covariance analysis test. Results: The results Analysis of covariance showed a significant difference There was between the mean scores of post-test two experimental and control groups in symptom total score PTSD)F=53/75, P<0.000), Intrusive memories)F=53/55, P<0.000),  Problem in interpersonal relation)F=41/44, P<0.000),  Inability to control affections) F=39/76, P<0.000),  Depression)F=51/27, P<0.000),  Score general recognition of post-traumatic)F=22/32, P<0.000),  Negative cognitions about self)F=37/20, P<0.000),  Negative cognitions about the world)F=31/65, P<0.000),  Self-blame)F=63/78, P<0.000). Conclusion: As the results show Holographic reprocessing therapy in improving Traumatic memories and recognition post-traumatic women of divorce applicant has been effective. Reprocessing holographic with identification expremental hologram of client Causes alter and reconstruction her perception of a past event And to modify and change its beliefs .

Abstract

Many families face with divorce as a serious damage in recent years. Family disintegration phenomenon affected couples, children, families and the community. Many studies have focused on different aspects of this phenomenon and have examined different layers of the damage. This study, which was conducted  by meta-analysis method is focused on studies on divorce in 1384 to 1394 . In this meta-analysis, theses and research papers are population. Using  Noormags, Iran Doc and  SID ,Gathering of resource is conducted.  A total of 70 articles and 38theses, 11 articles   were appropriate.

The results of this research indicate that  social and cultural factors associated with divorce issues is of utmost importance .Among the factors , quality  weakness  of social relations and social participation a play the most important role in the instability of marriage.

Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of child- centered play therapy with approach Axline training on hopelessness and loneliness in children with hearing impairment

Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and posttest design and control group. The population of this research of female students with hearing impairment studying at primary school in Mashhad City. Thirty students were selected by available  sampling and randomly assigned to one experimental (n=15) and one control (n=15) group. To collect data, Kazdin hopelessness scale and Asher solitude scale were used. The experimental group received 8 sessions of child- centered play therapy with approach Axline training . The data were analyzed by SPSS software, using ANCOVA.

Results: . The data analyses by ANCOVA showed  that there were significantly decrease in mean scores of hopelessness and loneliness in experimental group (P< 0.05).

Conclusions: It can be concluded that child- centered play therapy is an effective intervention method in decreasing on hopelessness and loneliness in children with hearing impairment.

Aim: The aim of this reasarch was to grounded Employees's Boundaryless Career Attitudes. This reasarch was an explantory mixed  research of selecting participant.

Method: The statistic population of this research was the employees of Isfahan's engineered companies. In the quantitative process, the samples were 200 employees who were selected by cluster sampling method and in gualitative process 15 employees were selected by purposeful sampling. Boundaryless Career Attitudes Scale, Proactive Personality Scale and  deep survery were used for gathering data. In quantitative process for selecting boundaryless and traditional employees, psychometric properties and Factor structure of boundaryless career attitudes scale were analyzed by using confirmatory factor analysis. In gualitative process data were analyzed by using grounded theory and  in three stage: open coding, axial coding, selective codingtric.

Finding: The results of the confirmafory factor analysis, showed that confirmed the factor-second order model and revealed that the Boundaryless Mindset and Organizational Mobility Preference were two seprated and indepent component of boundaryless career. The qualitative's results revealed that "individual construction" is the most important construction of this attitudes. This construction consists of 28 categories in boundaryless employees and 5  categories in traditional employees.

Results: Individual constructions is the most important construction of boundaryless career attitudes and it investigat by three section: causes, strategy and result.

Abstract

Objective: the objective of present study is examining the causal relationship between attachment styles with marital commitment by mediation of differentiation of self and guilty feeling in married female students of Ahvaz city. Methodology: participants in this study were in total 211 married female students of Ahvaz city, which were selected using available purposive sampling. The instruments used in this study wereBehavioral Style Questionnaire (BSQ), Marital Commitment Questionnaire (MCQ), differentiation of selfInventory (DSI), conscious emotionsInventory. Evaluation of the proposed model was carries out using path analysis method. In order to test indirect relationships, boot-strap method was used. Findings: the results showed that from among 16 direct paths, 4 paths of secure attachment style to differentiation of self,  insecure attachment style to guilty feeling, guilty feeling to moral commitment and differentiation of self to structural commitment didn't become significant.Also, the results showed that all the indirect effects of copying styles (secure and insecure) and marital commitment with mediation of differentiation of self and guilty feeling became significant. On the other hand, indirect effects of secure attachment style and moral commitment with mediation of guilty feeling and indirect effects of secure and insecure attachmentwith structural commitment with mediation of differentiation of selfdidn't become significant. Better fitting thorough eliminating insignificant paths of secure attachment style to differentiation of self, insecure attachment style with guilty feeling, guilty feeling with moral commitment and differentiation of self with structural commitment were obtained. In this study, significance level was α=0.05. Conclusion: in a marital relationship, the level of differentiation and guilty feeling in either party of a couple and attachment style formed in individuals is effective for their marital commitment in their married lives.

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the present study was determining the efficacy of life skills training on reduction of depression, anxiety and stress among university students.Method: The study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, control group and follow up. 30 female students from all faculties of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili were selected and administered DASS (1995) as pre- and posttest. The sample group members randomly assigned into two equal groups of experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). Experimental group received 8 two-hour sessions of social skills training. Follow-up was administered after three months by administration of DASS.

Results: Analysis of covariance showed significant differences in pretest, posttest, and follow up scores of depressing, anxiety, and stress subscales between experimental and control groups, so that experimental group had significant reduction in aforementioned components (p<.01).Conclusion: According to findings, it appears that life skills training is capable of elimination of depression, anxiety, and stress among female university students. Social and clinical applications, limitations, and suggestions for future studies are discussed.

Introduction: society and the institution of the family in Iran in recent decades have been dramatic changes. This primarily changes is due to in various aspects of different component, and most recently has been the most important component of communication technology. Knowing the causes of these changes in the family structure guides us into a dynamic community and a family.

This study examines the factors affecting oriented to family structure changes caused by the media were allowed. . Methods: In this study, the qualitative approach and method of grounded theory for the understanding and interpretation of the causes that affect the use of social media were used.

 Society Of this study, were selected according to the study objectives and included people who were over 30 years old and  Among them 28 people interviews, according to data saturation semi-structured were deep. Research questions centered on the changes in family structure due to social media, and stuff, open and axial coding used for research question. Results: According to research findings, major categories were: Scientific and recreational infrastructure, personal factors, government and the media, modernity and cultural factors, social factors modernity, Family factors, the essentials of modern life, factors of modern communication. And Core categories include: factors modernity. Conclusion: According to research, findings concluded that Changes in family structure as a result of inter structural factors such as Modern communication factors, personal factors and factors of modern family. And external family structure such as: scientific infrastructure and entertainment, government and media, modernity and cultural factors, social factors modernity, the essentials of modern life, respectively.

Life is purposeful by nature. The universe purposefulness is the first important issue in Islamic ontology. The family serves numerous purposes in different forms. The family function is the concept that directly affects needs, goals, satisfaction, and emotions directly.  

There are numerous functions assumed for the marriage. The purposefulness of such function needs to be investigated. This study adopts a qualitative method to scrutinize the intended variable, i.e. the marriage functions purposefulness, in both satisfied/ dissatisfied couples. All the people who are married for at least three years and have one child participated in this study. They all live in Ahvaz.  24 people were selected using systematic sampling procedure. These people were actually the ones who were referred to counseling center of Ahvaz education office. They scored over 70 and less than 30 in Enrich Marital Satisfaction questionnaire. The relevant data was analyzed using in - depth interviews. Grounded theory was also used to analyze the interview findings.   

The results revealed both satisfied/ dissatisfied couples were similar concerning primary functions of marriage. The difference was noticed regarding social skills, affection, and emotions.  

Regarding ontology, the couples' beliefs and attitudes play an important role in their marital life. Attitudes, behaviors, interactions, and communications follow unique directions based on a specific ontological view.  

Key words: marital satisfaction, marriage functions, purposefulness.

Aim: This research aims to investigate and compare the factors affecting the successful and unsuccessful entrance the adolescent stage of family life cycle.

Method: This is a qualitative study and the data were analyzed by using grounded theory method. The population consists of all of the families with successful and unsuccessful adolescents in Tehran city and the sample consists of 10 families having successful adolescents and 12 families having unsuccessful adolescents. Data were collected by using purposeful sampling and the semi-structured interviews.

Findings: The findings showed that protective factors which lead adolescents to successful or unsuccessful transition include the following: family domain, parental domain and social domain. The protective factors in parental domain have basic differences. They were different in communication styles in family, family management styles, family structure and economic situation of the family. Findings related to the parental domain showed that parental attitudes toward education, parental attitudes toward success, parental behavior toward social success and vulnerability in parenting were different in parents with successful and unsuccessful adolescents. Also protective factors in social domain were different with each other. The results showed that successful parents were different in social relationship management and adolescent behavior toward social success with unsuccessful parents.

Conclusion: In sum, studies showed that social environment, educating parents and their adolescents and also strengthening protective resources in family are needed to have a successful transition from adolescence stage of family life cycle.