Journal of Counseling Research

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Aim: This research has been made in order to study the ways of effects of personality traits, communicative features and cultural contexts on emotional belonging in couples.  

Method: The research methodology was correlational and the statistical population included all couples living in Tehran, Iran, in 2015. From this population, 954 persons (451females and 503 males) were randomly selected via multi-stage cluster sampling from 5 areas of Tehran municipality. Measurement material included the successful marriage inventory. Data analysis was done using AMOS software and path analysis was employed.

Result: Analyzing data indicated that personality traits and the cultural contexts have both direct and indirect (by effect on communicative features) significant effect (p<0/05) on emotional belonging. Also communicative features have significant (p<0/01) direct effect on emotional belonging. 

Conclusion: Findings of this research indicated that emotional belonging in couples has been affected by various factors. These results may be useful for marriage counseling and opening new ways in solving marital problems.

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The Interpersonal Conflicts of Married People Obliged to Care for their Old Parents: A Qualitative Study
Abstract
Objective: This survey aims to identify interpersonal conflicts of the married people obliged to take care of their old parents.
Methodology: This survey was conducted by adopting qualitative method and phenomenological approach. Participants of this survey were married people with children who lived in Qom City during 2016 and took care of their old parents. The statistical sample includes 13 individuals (n=8 female and n=5 male) selected through objective sampling method. The size was determined through saturation principle. Data collection was done through semi-structured interview and analysis of collected data was done based on Collaizi's seven-step method. The method includes a range of steps from reading interview transcriptions to validation of findings.
Findings: The interpersonal conflicts that participants experienced were categorized into four classes namely siblings' conflicts (disagreement and maladjustment), marital conflicts (marital deprivations, maladjustment, promotion of bad moods and tripartite conflicts), parent-child conflict (low attention to children, maladjustment, problems of young children, tripartite conflict), and child-parent conflicts (enmeshment, maladjustment).
Conclusion: Findings of present survey suggest that caring after old parent(s) by their adult children may contribute to certain interpersonal conflicts between such adults and their own children. However, comparison of current findings with conclusions of previous surveys suggest that this issue is not an absolute as other factors such as socioeconomic status, familial condition, parent’s previous attention to his/her child, and children’s normal and motivational beliefs affect the event.
        Keywords: Interpersonal Conflicts, Married People, Care, Old Parents.
 

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of marital infidelity in women. Method: The method of this research was qualitative. The 17 women who experienced marital infidelity and were willing to cooperate with the researcher were selected through targeted sampling. They were deeply studied using semi-structured interviews. The study used the Grounded Theory approach to explain and analyze the findings. Finding: Three major categories were found about the causes of female marital infidelity. The causes of marital infidelity Included the boredom of life after each other's discovery, the inherent weaknesses of marriage, vulnerability when sexual or emotional need blocked, and Society transformation, The conservator factors Included the desire to experience excitement, the disclaimer of self and the emphasis on spouse features, to earn much creativity in gaining time for a relationship and hiding it, gaining courage for discovering new features in yourself, And responding to infidelity Included desire for divorce, Restoration of marital life, endurance of stress. Conclusion: To prevent marital infidelity, family education and enrichment of premarital relationships, these categories should be considered.

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Aim: Students are one of the most talented and promising segments of society and future builders of their country, and their level of health and psychological well-being will have a significant impact on learning and increasing their scientific awareness and academic success. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate a structural model of psychological well-being based on negative life events and mindfulness with emphasis on the mediating role  of coping styles. Methods: The method of conducting the present study was descriptive correlational of structurequational type. The statistical population of the study were the undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran, 365 of whom participated through cluster sampling. They responded to questionnaires on negative life events, mindfulness, coping styles, and psychological well-being. The reliability and validity of the instruments were confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis. To analyze the data, structural equation method was used with Amos software. Results: The results showed that the effect of negative life events on the problem-oriented style and psychological well-being is negative and significant. The effect of mindfulness on the problem-oriented style and psychological well-being is positive and significant. The effect of problem-oriented style on psychological well-being is positive and significant. The mediating role of problem-focused coping style in the relationship between negative life events and mindfulness with psychological well-being is meaningful Conclusion: The results showed that the model presented among the students of Shahid Beheshti University has a good fit and confirmed the role of the variables of negative life events, mindfulness and problem-oriented coping style in psychological well-being.

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Paying attention to the level of health and psychological well-being of students as the most important future makers of the country is of great importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate and present a predictive model of their psychological well-being based on mindfulness mediated by coping styles. Method: The method of this study was descriptive-correlational which was done by structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the study was the undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran, 365 of whom participated in the study by cluster sampling. In order to collect data, mindfulness, coping styles and psychological well-being questionnaires were used. The reliability and validity of the instruments were confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis. To analyze the data, structural equation method was used with Amos software. Result: The results of this study showed that the effect of mindfulness on problem-oriented style and psychological well-being is positive and significant, but its effect on emotion-oriented style and avoidance style is negative and significant. The effect of problem-oriented style on psychological well-being is positive and significant, but the effect of emotion-oriented style and avoidance style on psychological well-being is not significant. Also, the mediating role of problem-oriented coping style in the effect of mindfulness on psychological well-being is significant. Conclusion: The results showed that the predictive model presented, has a good fit and the variables of mindfulness and problem-oriented coping style are effective in psychological well-being.