Journal of Counseling Research

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The purpose of this study was the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy on reducing the rate of depression and rumination in women that suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome. The statistic population in this study consisted of all females who referred to the health and clinical centers in Tabriz city and suffered from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 30 female patients were selected and randomly replaced into two groups. The instruments of this research were Chalder fatigue scale (CFS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Rumination Response Questionnaire (RSQ) . The results showed that there is significant effect of Cognitive Behavior Therapy on reducing depression in the women. Additionally, the results obtained from Rumination Response Questionnaire indicated that, the effect of Cognitive Behavior Therapy on reducing the obsessive rumination in subjects was significant. Therefore, it can be claimed that Cognitive Behavior Therapy’s effect on reducing obsessive rumination was to some extent more than reducing depression. Furthermore, it can be deduced that Cognitive Behavior Therapy effect on decreasing of depression and obsessive rumination by means of changing people’s interpretation of situations and changing attention of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.

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One of organizational and interpersonal forms of severe abuses in today's corporate environments, organizational bullying. This familiar term in the behavioral, previously examined in the wider social environment, but cannot deny the importance of the environment today because organizations have received considerable attention. The purpose of this study is, The effect of organizational bullying with individual sleep quality with respect to a mediating role rumination among Hospital female nurses. Statistical population this study, Hospital female nurses Gorgan Sayyad Shirazi is that of a total of 220 female nurses who work in shifts: morning, afternoon and night working at the hospital, 141 were selected through Cochran formula the sample size. Research results showed that organizational bullying significant negative effect and on sleep duration and Sleep of Useful, and play a positive role in reducing the amount of sleep is female nurses (Sig =0.05). Finally, with the arrival of mediator rumination, organizational bullying effect on sleep quality in order to strengthen further negative moderated, And was determined, emotional rumination, exacerbate effect bullying organization to reduce sleep quality. But Work-related rumination, can greatly affect the organization's bullying little effect on sleep quality and sleep quality further.

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Purpose: Mental rumination is a strong predictor for depression. Depression can damage the marital relationship. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the consequences of rumination in women with marital conflicts. Methods: This research was carried out qualitatively using thematic analysis method. The sampling method was purposeful and continued until data saturation. The data was obtained from 15 married women who had marital conflicts. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were used. Results: After analyzing the data content, six main categories were obtained, including: symptoms of depression (physical pains, loss of energy, impatience, reduced desire to live, sleep problems and lack of motivation, and lower sexual desires), negative emotions (anger, sadness, hatred, sense of revenge, malice, and anxiety), impulsivity (aggression and lack of control over behavior), lowered efficiency (aggression to children, reduced association with children, and failing to do the household chores), getting caught up in negative association cycles (controversy, criticism, resentment towards spouse), and resentment towards others (reduced communication with others and withdrawal). Conclusion: When the conflict is not resolved, the process of mental rumination is activated in women which leads to consequences such as reduced efficacy in both individual and marital relationships, as well as depression. Depression leads to increased mental rumination and marital conflics.

 

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Aim: Mindfulness, as a new therapy method, has its roots in the culture of the East. The aim of this study is to identify the cultural and mindfulness-based metaphors in the Rumi's Masnavi (three chapters of first book). Methods: The current research analyzes the content of the above-mentioned section of Masnavi. The sampling was targeted and 1027 metaphors were identified. The metaphors attributed to the 9 components of mindfulness were identified, and their abundance was also cosidered. MAXQDA coding software was used to analyze the extracted data. Findings: The investigations showed that the number of the metaphors in the first chapter was two times more than the second and third chapters. The metaphors related to the components of mindfulness according to the number were sorted as follows: the non-striving, trust (confidence), non-judging, generoslty (kindness), patience, acceptance and gratitude, beginner's mind and letting go. In other words, the non-striving and letting go were respectively used most and least frequently. The sub-components of surrender, non-fighting and silence were identified for the non-striving component. The sub-components of insight, inclusiveness, and non-comparing was distinguished for the non-judging component . In addition, based on the researched metaphors and the concept of mindfulness, four new components of awareful action, observation and describing, understand (empathy) and balance, as other components of mindfulness were also discovered. Conclusion: For the means of facilitating the conveyance of concepts, education and therapy with cognitive-based mindfulness, it is suggested that  therapists and counselors use the folk and cultural metaphors in the poems of Rumi.