Journal of Counseling Research

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Marital adjustment and cohesion are concepts which their absence can result in marital conflicts and problems. Thus, the research is trying to compare two approaches which have holistic and reductionist viewpoints in treating couples’ maladjustment and cohesion. So, 24 couples (48 persons) were selected randomly and were divided in 3 groups (16 persons, each group consists of 8 men and 8 women). randomly, a group assigned for Systems-Centerd Therapy, another for Psycho-Educational Therapy, and the last as control group. after conducting 12 sessions of Systems-Centered Therapy, and 10 sessions Psycho-Education Therapy, groups were compared about marital adjustment and marital cohesion. results showed that these two approaches have no significant difference in treating marital adjustment and marital cohesion. .

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The purpose of the present research is to evaluate sexual skills training on increasing marital satisfaction. Statistical population in this research was all women who refer to 71 private centers and 4 clinics of Karaj in 1389. In this population, 36 women were selected as the sample which their score was lower than cut point in Enrich (marital satisfaction questionnaire). These persons replaced randomly in two experiment and control groups. The instrument of this research was Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire. The method of this research was pre-test, post-test with control group. Experimental group received (six hour sessions) sexual skills training .Both groups were tested and evaluated three times (pre-test post-test and follow-up).The data for the research hypotheses were analyzed by one- way covariance analysis (ANCOVA) and multi- variable covariance analysis (MANCOVA). The results showed that the sexual skills training increase couple's marital satisfaction.

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The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of group education based on choice theory on increasing flexibility and marital satisfaction. The research design was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest with control group. The population consisted of all married women referring to Women Association in Garmsar. 12 couples were selected and assigned into two experimental and control groups with available sampling and voluntary, and with regard to entry and exit criteria. The experimental group received eight sessions of choice theory-based intervention and control group received no intervention. The research tools included Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire and Flexibility Questionnaire. The data were analyzed with multi-variate analysis of covariance. The results showed that group education based on choice theory has had positive effects on the flexibility in couples (F=8.69, P<.01). Also, group education based on choice theory lead to increase marital satisfaction in couples (F=16.68, P< .01). According to these results, group education based on choice theory can be used for increasing marital satisfaction, improving marital relationships, and decreasing conflicts and preventing couples’ struggles.

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Today, due to complex and rapid changes in various aspects of personal, social and cultural life of students on the one hand, in terms of age and academic  with the needs and specific problems and on the other hand with different challenges and face numerous decisions and counselors can be trained as experts in the field helper services to students in these matters and his colleagues (teachers and educators) to facilitate and improve the education process, help. Therefore, study and rethinking what is planned and what has been done in a dynamic and flourishing of professional this field will be facilitator and helpful.

This study is an overview of the research is to study the evolution of guidance and counseling system in education. After more than two decades of continuous counseling services in schools, there is some overlap challenges and tasks at school level, reviewing and defining new strategies in the manner and to provide counseling  services in the vital necessity for qualitative and quantitative.

In the study evolution of guidance and counseling in Iran, Six distinct periods, each of which represents a particular ups and downs is understandable and verifiable. This period include: Ideation and preliminary planning; incomplete implementation of the program; recession and cessation; Planning of infrastructural, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction counseling program; period of development and maturity of work; and Period of stagnation and erosion counselors. Can conclude that despite the necessity and effectiveness of of guidance and counseling program has been faced with numerous challenges. to expected besed-health  and its effectiveness was organized much earlier, which demands attention, support  and scientific planning and in education of  human resources and is in the field of administration.

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Purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the extent of using virtual social netorks, self-worth, and educational downfall in girl student of the non-profit middle schools in city of Gorgan. Methods: For this study, descriptive and corelational methodology was used. Statistical population included all girl students in the nonprofil middle school of Gorgan city, totalling1243 people in 2016. Cluster random sampling was used to select 293 for the sample size. Virtual social netorks (2015), Rozanberg Self  Respect (1963), and Kavvosi Educational Downfall Questionnaire were used for data collection. For data analysis, peareson correlation and multiple correlation were utilized. Results: The results of the present study demonstrated that there is a significant negative relationship between the extent of using virtual social network and self-respect, and between the extent of using virtual social network and educational downfall. Considering that significance level is smaller than 0/5, there is a significant negative relatioship between self-respect and educational downfall and this hypothesis is confirmed. Moreover , it can be said with 90 percent of certainty that self-respect and the extent of using virtual social netorks can predict students' educational downfall. Conclusion: Schools and families can use better quantitative and qualitative managment of the use of virtual social networks in improving the sense of children's sense of self-worth and decrease their educational decline effectively.

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Objective: it is research complemented with purpose of investigating The Effect of correspondence family education in improving awareness of students' parents and Enriching Their Educational Skills.
Methods: Due to the nature and objectives of the research, research design was a survey. The statistical population of the research, included all parents and principal of Tehran schools. A sample of 100 parents of students using voluntary sampling method And a sample of 360 principals with using multi-stage cluster sampling in Tehran districts were selected. To determine the sample size of the school principals, the sample size table of the Kregcie and Morgan (1970) was used. In order to collect data for this study, two types of tools were developed, interview form (structured) with students' parents and researcher-made questionnaire for principals. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and one sample T-test was used.
Results: the results show that in parents' views as well as principals', correspondence family education program(Eshareh brochures) has highly been effective in increasing parents' knowledge on children education. From the perspective of students' parents, correspondence education family program(Eshareh brochures) greatly enrich their educational skills, increase desirable behaviors in children, establish desirable behaviors in children, improve mental health, life skills development, improving educational methods and treatment of children and reduce tension within the family has been effective. The results also showed From the perspective of principals, that correspondence education family program(Eshareh brochures) have greatly enriched the educational skills of parents of students in terms of desirable behaviors in children, improve mental health, creating favorable behaviors in children, life skills development and improvement of educational and behavioral methods have been effective with children.
Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of correspondence family education program in improving knowledge and awareness of students' parents and enriching their educational skills, It can be concluded that in this way can be the most Parents of students who have busy work, And could not attend meetings of family education in schools, helped to improve the education process of their children.
 

 

 

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Infertility has been described as creating a form of stress leading to a variety of psychological problems. Psychological interventions are effective treatments for infertility stress.  Therefore, this study was performed to examine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral based sexual skills education on marital adjustment in infertile women in Kermanshah. This study was quasi-experimental of pretest, post-test with control group type and its statistical method was Multivariable Analyze of Covariance. The sample population was chosen out of 22-37 years old women suffer from infertility referring to infertility clinics of Kermanshah, with the diagnosis of sexual dysfunction. Twenty people were selected among 33 people qualified to participate in this study and placed randomly in two control and experimental group. The people who were in experimental group, participated in sexual skills education meetings for 10 sessions. Control group received no intervention during this time. In order to record the score changes, the Female Sexual Function Index (2000) and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (1976) were filled out by participants. The results of Multivariable Analyze of Covariance showed that sexual skills education has significant effect on marital adjustment score, so that the score of marital adjustment for women suffer from infertility increased significantly. Therefore, the clinical psychologists, psychotherapists, gynaecologists are encouraged to use the method of cognitive-behavioral based sexual skills education to improve the marital adjustment in the women suffer from infertility.

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Purpose: The purpose of present study was to investigate the mediating role of self-Regulated Learning in Relationship between academic counseling quality and educational-Vocational Undecidedness in Students of High Schools.
Methods: This study was a correlational research that carried out using structural equation analysis. The population of the present study included all students of high schools of Ardakan city in 2015-16 year. . 294 students were selected by randomly cluster sampling. Data gathered by self-Regulated Learning scale, consultation and relational empathy scale and educational-Vocational Undecidedness scale and analyzed by Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling.
Results: The results show that academic counseling quality directly affect the educational-vocational undecidedness in Students also, academic counseling quality by affecting on the self-regulated learning, indirectly affect educational-vocational undecidedness (p<0/01). Nevertheless, the direct effect was greater than indirect effect of the self-Regulated Learning. Finally, fitness indices showed that proposed model of the study have a good fitness was confirmed.
Conclusions: Regarding this results can concluded that abstract self-Regulated Learning in Relationship between academic counseling quality and educational-vocational undecidedness play a mediating roles and by increase of academic counseling quality, can decrease educational-Vocational Undecidedness in Students and increase Strategies for self-regulatory education increased in them.
 

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Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of educational package for enrichment of marital life based on emotional focused therapy (EFT) on the improvement of couples’ communicational patterns. Methods: The research method of the study was pseudo-experimental in which pre-test and post-test for the two control and experimental groups were used. To do so, 30 couples were selected purposefully from the population of couples who referred to the counseling centers in the city of Gorgan, Iran for improving their relationship. They were then randomly assigned to control and experimental goups. The experimental group participated in 8 three-hour sessions of group education, while the control group on the waiting list did not receive any particular intervention. In order to assess the dependent variable, Communication Patterns Questionnaire (Christensen & Sullaway, 1984) was used. The data were analyzed using covariation analysis. Findings: The results of the data analysis indicate that education based on EFT was more effective in improvement couples’ communicational patterns for participants in the experimental group, than those with no such intervention in the control group (p<0/01). Furthermore, post-hoc test shows that the effect of education in enrichment of marital life based on EFT was stable and no significant difference was identified between the averages of pre-test and post-hoc test stages (p<0/01). Conclusions: The results approve influence of education about enrichment of marital life based on EFT on improvement of newly married couples’ communicational patterns

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Aim: This study was to examine the effectiveness of education for parent with Adlerian approach in reducing feeling of guilt and improving psychological well-being in children with depression. The method of this research was quasi experimental with pre-test/post-test design, with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all sixth-grade students in elementary school of Kamyaran, Kurdistan, Iran during the academic year 2017-2018. Using randomized cluster sampling, two schools (for boys and girls)  were selected and 60 parents whose children showed signs of depression were placed into experimental and control groups. The experimental group went through 8 ninety-minute sessions of parent education with Adlerian approach. In both groups, parents’ children answered two questionnaires that were designed based on Ryff’s psychological well-being scales (2002) and Izonk’s guilt and shame scales (2007). The data was analyzed with mixed-design analysis of variance. Accordingly, the findings have shown that the average scores of post-test and follow-up of the feelings of guilt for students in theexperimental group decreased and their psychological well-being improved significantly. Therefore, parent education that employs Adlerian approach has been effective in decreasing guilt in depressed children and improving their psychological well-being
 

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Aim: Child abuse is one of the problems facing humanity. Families must be trained to distinguish the differences between parenting attitudes with harmful attitudes about children. This study aimed to investigate the comparison and recognition of parents with and without a college education about a variety of child abuse. Methods: This was a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews and the research population included 28 people (parents) with and without college education which were selected through purposive sampling. Results: parental knowledge about the type of child abuse (physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect) were examined in two different tables and in two groups with and without a college education and also knowledge and awareness of the risk factors and the consequences of child abuse provided in separate tables by considering college education and concepts and the main expressions is classified using open axial and selective coding. Findings: Based on conducted interviews, the recognition of physical abuse in both groups with and without a college education is equally high, but with the exception that the parental knowledge about the scope of types of child abuse is more in the group with college education  than the other group. In this study, parents without a college education in their parenting methods relied considerably  on physical abuse. Also knowledge of emotional abuse is high in parents with a college education, but there is awareness of emotional neglect among parents with a university education due to their education and employment. There is knowledge about sexual harassment in both groups with the exception that the information and awareness of sexual harassment among parents with a college education is much higher. Another significant point in this research was emotional neglect, due to preoccupation of parents with the virtual world in today's age. Conclusions: It may be concluded that the factor of education can be effective in recognition of types of child abuse. One interesting point was that most college-educated parents used third-person in their sentences, such that it appeared these parents did not use abusive behaviors in their parenting, but are aware of what constitutes abusive behavior for other parents, or they intelligently resisted self-disclosing. On the other hand, majority of parents without college education seemed to use sentences that pointed to their own behaviors and reactions in relation to their children, showing less resistance, talking more about their objective and personal experiences.
 

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Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a model of academic buoyancy based on school connection, family emotional atmosphere, motivation, self-efficacy, and academic engagement of students. Methods: This research was of descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all first and second grade high school students in Isfahan in 2018-2019. From among them, a sample of 375 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The tools for  data collection included the following questionnaires: Dehghanizadeh and Hosseini Chari Academic Buoyancy Scales (2013), Panaghi et. al School Connection Questionnaire (2011), Razavieh Vesamani Family Emotional Atmosphere (2000), Patrick, Hicks and Ryan (1997) Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, Reeve, Agentic Engagement Scale (2013), and The Harter Academic Motivation Scale (1981). Results: The results showed that at 95% confidence level, the direct effect of school connection on academic buoyancy was confirmed with an impact factor of 0.207. Also, academic engagement has an effect on academic buoyancy, with an impact factor of 0.356, and self-efficacy has an impact on academic buoyancy with an impact factor of 0.202. Conclusion: Findings showed that the indirect effect of school relationship on academic buoyancy mediating academic engagement is confirmed, so that the intensity of the indirect effect is equal to 0.206, the indirect effect of family emotional atmosphere on academic buoyancy mediated academic engagement was also confirmed, and  that the indirect effect is equal to 0.055. Furthermore, the indirect effect of academic motivation on academic buoyancy is mediated by self-efficacy, the intensity of the indirect effect is equal to 0.084 (p <0.05).