Youssef Habibi, Atousa Kalantarhormozi, Qiumars Farahbakhs, Hossein Salimibajestani, Mohammad Asgari,
Volume 21, Issue 81 (5-2022)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the components of smoking tendency in youth from the perspective of addiction and smoking experts. Methods: in this study, a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method were used. Participants included experts in the fields of addictions and smoking and smokers (therapists, researchers, professors and teachers) in 1399 who were selected using purposive sampling. Sampling was done using interview tools (semi-structured) in order to receive the data until the saturation point and then the collected information was analyzed by coding method (main and secondary). Findings: The analysis of the research findings led to the extraction of 85 primary concepts, 38 subcategories and 15 main categories, according to which, the main categories of smoking tendency in youth were: 1. The effective role of relatives in consumption, 2. Inefficient atmosphere of the family predisposing to consumption, 3. Motivation of peer groups in consumption, 4. Media coverage of smoking, 5. Influence of famous personalities, 6. Facilitating society in consumption, 7. Favorable consumption conditions in public recreation area, 8. Easy access to cigarettes, 9. Cognitive distortions about smoking, 10. Inefficient psychological causes, 11. Reverse reaction to superficial inhibitors in consumption, 12. Weak adaptive skills, 13. Consideration of behavioral attractiveness, 14. Media’s superficial portrayal of the harms of consumption, and 15. Recreational consumption. Finally, the combination of the main categories led to the extraction of two core themes, including the interpersonal components, the extra-personal component, and the intrapersonal components of the tendency to smoke in youth. Conclusions: The present study showed that youth are affected by interpersonal and extra-personal factors such as the media, family, society and the atmosphere of peers with common interests or intrapersonal dimensions like psychological disorders, famous characters in movies, or skill weaknesses are more likely to tend to smoke and continue smoking.
Mrs Marzieh Jalali, Mrs Fatemeh Samiee, Mrs Parisa Nilforooshan, Mr Ali Zakery,
Volume 24, Issue 95 (12-2025)
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to identify multilevel factors and emerging patterns influencing the formation of adolescents’ career aspirations within the context of political, economic, technological, and cultural transformations, adopting a future-oriented horizon toward 2050. Method: This research employed an exploratory mixed-methods design, integrating expert analysis with a scoping review of the scientific literature. In the qualitative phase, 14 experts from relevant fields were purposively selected and interviewed using semi-structured interviews. In the scoping review phase, 16 articles indexed in the Scopus database (2000–2024) were analyzed after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: Five emerging patterns were identified: (1) a semantic shift in career aspirations from stable status-oriented goals toward immediate and symbolic success; (2) economic pressures and the weakening of career identity coherence; (3) the prominent role of technology, media, and virtual identities; (4) the declining authority of family and educational institutions alongside increased media-based role modeling; and (5) the gap between formal policymaking and generational realities, leading to unstable career choices. Conclusion: Adolescents’ career aspirations are transitioning from traditional, meaning-oriented goals toward technological, media-driven, and short-term pathways. This transformation underscores the need to critically revise educational policies, skill-development programs, and career counseling practices to support more informed and adaptive career design for adolescents’ future trajectories.
