Journal of Counseling Research

Alaminiya, M – Eskandari, H – Borjali, A The scientific theories including psychological theories based on some specific meta-theoretical presuppositions which considerably influence the theory, and the differences among psychological theories, to some extent, reflect more fundamental differences among theories on these presuppositions. Since theoretical and philosophical presuppositions play an important role in evolution of scientific theories, it seems, changing these basic presuppositions and replacing them with metaphysical cultural assumptions as new foundations, can conclude paradigm shift in present scientific theories. In the present study, anthropological, psychological and methodological presuppositions of psychopathology and psychotherapy have been investigated according to Rumi's view, on the scope of helping to shape a new vision in these domains. Our research method is qualitative content analysis. Results have shown that, Rumi, emphasis on freedom of mankind and sees the individual as capable of fundamental change throughout life span .He believes Language is the main determinant of behavior. Rumi sees the tendency of man to growth and perfection as a way that leads him to actual health and elation. He believes mankind is generally in pathology situation, man usually misdiagnosis true self and is captured by physical attachment, egoistic tendencies and vain imagination which make him upset and distressed. Amplifying Pseudo self Puts a person at risk of pathology and make him ill. The process of therapy and getting rid of the pathology, is the process of loss and the elimination of the Pseudo self and gain the "bi khodi" that involves difficult encounter and is associated with tension and pain. In Rumi's view, language is so important and man’s mental is not separate from his language. Language especially story and narrative has consid, erable and important role in shaping the meaning, cognition and behavior and is considered as origin of psychopathology and psychotherapy. It’s the language which makes a person ill or heals him. Linguistic and narrative analysis is a suitable way to study human issues and psychopathology. Keywords: Rumi, psychopathology and psychotherapy, anthropological presupposition, psychological presupposition, methodological presupposition, language. Construction and Validity of Problems between Adolescent and Parents Test Sanagooi Zadeh, M - Etemadi, O - Ahmadi, A - Jazayeri , R The present research aims to design and build problems adolescents with parents test and assess its validity. The method of this research has had two stages. The first stage was qualitative method. For this purpose, in addition to interview with adolescents and parents and sciences extensive library studies was collected categories problems adolescents with parents with systematic analyze method. Questionnaire was made consisting 60 questions in two forms mothers’ form & father’s form. In the second stage, validity and reliability of this tool was examined by a connotative method. So 200 boys students of Isfahan high school was selected by simple random sampling, And they complete this questionnaire. The data were studied through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The finding revealed three factor (internal problems, interpersonal relationship problems, Parental style). The results of analysis with exploratory analysis and confirmatory analysis explain a considerable percentage of variance of the three factors. The Cronbach’s alpha equal was for mother’s form test 0/93 and father’s form test 0/92. The conclusion is that it is possible to make a test of high validity with consistent factors and ample ability to measure adolescent's problems with parents. ,

The present research aims to design and build problems adolescents with parents test and assess its validity. The method of this research has had two stages. The first stage was qualitative method. For this purpose, in addition to interview with adolescents and parents and sciences extensive library studies was collected categories problems adolescents with parents with systematic analyze method. Questionnaire was made consisting 60 questions in two forms mothers’ form & father’s form. In the second stage, validity and reliability of this tool was examined by a connotative method. So 200 boys students of Isfahan high school was selected by simple random sampling, And they complete this questionnaire. The data were studied through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The finding revealed three factor (internal problems, interpersonal relationship problems, Parental style). The results of analysis with exploratory analysis and confirmatory analysis explain a considerable percentage of variance of the three factors. The Cronbach’s alpha equal was for mother’s form test 0/93 and father’s form test 0/92. The conclusion is that it is possible to make a test of high validity with consistent factors and ample ability to measure adolescent's problems with parents.

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was comparing parenting styles of parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Method: This was a causal-comparative research. The statistical population of this research includes the whole parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder in Shiraz city that among them, 90 subjects (49 parents of children with autism spectrum disorders and 50 parents of children without autism spectrum disorders) were selected as a sample size. Sample of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder were selected by available sampling and sample of parents of children without autism spectrum disorder were selected by multistage random sampling method. Parenting styles questioner (Robinson et al., 1995) was used for measuring of parenting styles. Data were analyzed using MANOVA. Results: results showed that the authoritarian's Parenting style of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder significantly are more than the parents of children without autism spectrum disorders and authoritative parenting style of parents of children without autism spectrum disorder significantly are more than of parents of children with autism spectrum disorders(P<0.001) and in permissive's parenting styles there was no significant differences between parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder (p>0/05). Conclusion: According to the finding of this research, designing and implementing of parenting styles workshops for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder is necessary.

Keywords: Parenting Styles, Parents, Children, Autism Spectrum Disorder

Aim: Child abuse is one of the problems facing humanity. Families must be trained to distinguish the differences between parenting attitudes with harmful attitudes about children. This study aimed to investigate the comparison and recognition of parents with and without a college education about a variety of child abuse. Methods: This was a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews and the research population included 28 people (parents) with and without college education which were selected through purposive sampling. Results: parental knowledge about the type of child abuse (physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect) were examined in two different tables and in two groups with and without a college education and also knowledge and awareness of the risk factors and the consequences of child abuse provided in separate tables by considering college education and concepts and the main expressions is classified using open axial and selective coding. Findings: Based on conducted interviews, the recognition of physical abuse in both groups with and without a college education is equally high, but with the exception that the parental knowledge about the scope of types of child abuse is more in the group with college education  than the other group. In this study, parents without a college education in their parenting methods relied considerably  on physical abuse. Also knowledge of emotional abuse is high in parents with a college education, but there is awareness of emotional neglect among parents with a university education due to their education and employment. There is knowledge about sexual harassment in both groups with the exception that the information and awareness of sexual harassment among parents with a college education is much higher. Another significant point in this research was emotional neglect, due to preoccupation of parents with the virtual world in today's age. Conclusions: It may be concluded that the factor of education can be effective in recognition of types of child abuse. One interesting point was that most college-educated parents used third-person in their sentences, such that it appeared these parents did not use abusive behaviors in their parenting, but are aware of what constitutes abusive behavior for other parents, or they intelligently resisted self-disclosing. On the other hand, majority of parents without college education seemed to use sentences that pointed to their own behaviors and reactions in relation to their children, showing less resistance, talking more about their objective and personal experiences.