Journal of Counseling Research

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The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of Collaborative Language Systems Therapy on Self- efficacy in Students .Method of research was quasi-experimental with pretest - posttest and control group design. The statistical population involved all referred couples to university counseling centers in Tehran. The sample of study consisted of 28 subjects(14 couples)that were randomly selected and allocated into experimental and control groupe.The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of collaborative Language Therapy. The measurement instrument was Coping self–Efficacy Scale (CSE) and Demographic Data Questionnaire. The results were analyzed with covariate using SPSS software. The result indicated that Collaborative Language Systems (CLST) Therapy, increased self-efficacy and enhanced subscales of Self-efficacy.

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The purpose of present research was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on self-efficacy and self-esteem in substance-abusing spouses. The method of this research was quasi-experimental method by using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population for this study included substance-abusing spouses hospitalized in addiction-treatment centers of Shiraz during summer and autumn 2014. Accordingly, 30 individuals suffering from substance-abuse were selected by using availability sampling. The Coppersmith Self-esteem Inventory (CSEI) and self-efficacy questionnaire were employed in this research as the pre- / post-test, and data were analyzed by using ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) method. The results of data analysis suggested that cognitive-behavioral group therapy is useful for increasing self-efficacy and self-esteem in substance-abusing spouses, and that there is a significant difference between two groups. Based on the findings of this research, cognitive-behavioral group therapy enhances self-efficacy and self-esteem in individuals suffering from substance-abuse.

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Rezaei, A - Shafiabadi, A - Falsafinejad, M The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of training using Shafiabadi’s multi-axial pattern of vocational choice and Savickas career construction on career decision making self-efficacy in the unemployed jobseekers who are covered by unemployment insurance. Sample population for this research included the unemployed jobseekers referred to job centers in Tehran. 45 people were selected by random sampling method, and were randomly divided into 3 groups - 15 persons in each group with SMPVC and SCCT educational approach, and the third group of 15 persons in the control group. For data collection, career decision-making self-efficacy scale was used. Six 90-minute training sessions were conducted for the two experimental groups. Career decision-making self-efficacy was measured before the intervention (pre-test) and after (post-test), and also after one month (follow-up). Statistical analysis showed that training programs seems to have an effect on career decision-making self-efficacy. This effect is still seen after a month, showing relatively stable and reliable measures. The SCCT training approach appeared to be more effective on self-appraisal and occupational information, while the SMPVC method seemed to be more effective in subscales (components) of goals selection, making plans, and problem-solving. In conclusion, it was notable that both training approaches yielded significantly higher career decision-making self-efficacy measures, compared with the control group.

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Objective: This study aimed to determine the role of general self-efficacy mediated the relationship between differentiation and social identity among students. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study, a correlation was performed. The study population were all university students of martyr Beheshti and Allameh Tabatabai, where 120 people were selected by convenience sampling. To collect the data, and differentiation (DSI), General Self-Efficacy (GSE-17) and social identities were used. Data using Pearson correlation coefficients and path analysis were analyzed.

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efficacy and quality of life, public health can be predicted. To collect information from questionnaires demographic, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Quality of Life Questionnaire - abbreviated version of the World Health Organization, the General Health Questionnaire or GHQ form with 28 questions was used. Results showed that the 4 areas of physical, psychological, social relationships and environment and public health efficacy and four components of physical symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression are significantly correlated. So, based on quality of life and self-efficacy can be predicted public health

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Purpose: The present research aimed to study the effect of cognitive analytic therapy on the self-efficacy and interpersonal problems of women with dependent personality disorder. Methods: The present research was a quasi-experimental study with the pretest-posttest design. Subjects of the experimental group consisted of all women in Tehran aged 19 to 40 years of age who had referred to Azad University counseling centers (Roodehen branch), Tonekaboni counseling center, and researcher’s counseling office. They were selected after being recognized as having dependent personality disorder through Millon Personality Test. They were administered with ten cognitive-analytic therapy sessions, while those in the control group did not received the treatment. All subjects filled out the Sherer (1982) General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Barkham (1996) Inventory of Interpersonal Problems before and one month after the intervention. Findings: The results showed that cognitive-analytic therapy was significantly effective in increasing the self-efficacy and reducing the interpersonal problems of subjects in the test group (P<0.0001). The study findings indicated the effectiveness of cognitive analytic therapy in increasing the self-efficacy and reducing the interpersonal problems of women with dependent personality disorder. Conclusions: This approach can be used by mental health professionals for improving the symptoms of this disorder among Iranian women.

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Aim: The present study was conducted to compare the academic engagement, emotional creativity and academic self-efficacy in gifted male and female students. Methods: This study was a comparative cross-sectional study. The research population included all gifted students of first, second and third grade high school students in Ardabil in 1394-93 Persian school year, from which 60 female and 60 male gifted students were selected randomly in multiple phases. For data collection, Academic Engagement Questionnaire (Schaufeli et al, 2002), Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI-Averill, 1999), and Academic Self-efficacy Questionnaire (Mac Elroy & Banting, 2002) was used. Data was analyzed using SPSS-20 software with descriptive statistical methods (mean and standard deviation), and inferential statistical methods. Findings: The results show that the gifted female students excel in academic engagement and components of absorbing and devoting themselves, whereas the gifted male student excel in emotional creativity and components of innovation, readiness and effectiveness - originality. Between the two groups, there was no significant difference in the academic self-efficacy. Conclusion: According to the results, it is essential that stakeholders of education use educational policies and teaching practices, and keep gender and individual differences of student in mind.
 

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Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the effect of integrating positive thinking and resiliency training on body image concerns and social self-efficacy in adolescent boys. Methods: This research was an experimental study with a quasi-experimental design that included a pretest/posttest with a control group. The population included all 10^th grade male students in Tehran’s 16^th district. One of the high schools in that area was selected through convenient sampling method. From the entire 10^th grade students in that high school, 30 were selected based on the highest scores obtained in the Littleton and colleagues (2005) BICI questionnaire and were randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. Then, both groups responded to the Smith and Betz (2000) social self-efficacy scale. Eight approximately 75-minute training sessions of integrating positive thinking and resiliency were conducted for the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any training during this period. At the end of the course of experiment, post-test was performed and the data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and covariance analysis. Findings: The findings showed that training had a significant effect on reducing body image concern and increasing social self-efficacy of adolescents. Conclusions: It can be concluded that integrated training of positive thinking and resiliency can be a suitable method for reducing body image concern and increasing social self-efficacy in adolescents.

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the five major traits of personality and symptoms of depression in students, with mediating role of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Methods: The research method was descriptive of correlational type. In order to select the sample, 400 students studying at Gonbadkavus Azad and State Universities were selected through cluster random sampling. The instruments used in this study included depression scales, five personality factors, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Pearson correlation test and path analysis methods were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results indicated that neuroticism as the strongest predictor of depression had a significant positive effect on it. While extraversion, agreeableness, self-esteem, and self-efficacy had a significant negative effect on depression. Also, the results of path analysis indicate that self-esteem and self-efficacy variables, simultaneously play a mediating role in predicting depression based on personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism). Conclusion: According to the results of the research and the mediating role of self-esteem and self-efficacy in relation to personality traits and depression, planning to promote self-esteem and self-efficacy can play an important role in reducing depression by enhancing extroversion and agreeableness and reducing psychological distress.

 

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Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a model of academic buoyancy based on school connection, family emotional atmosphere, motivation, self-efficacy, and academic engagement of students. Methods: This research was of descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all first and second grade high school students in Isfahan in 2018-2019. From among them, a sample of 375 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The tools for  data collection included the following questionnaires: Dehghanizadeh and Hosseini Chari Academic Buoyancy Scales (2013), Panaghi et. al School Connection Questionnaire (2011), Razavieh Vesamani Family Emotional Atmosphere (2000), Patrick, Hicks and Ryan (1997) Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, Reeve, Agentic Engagement Scale (2013), and The Harter Academic Motivation Scale (1981). Results: The results showed that at 95% confidence level, the direct effect of school connection on academic buoyancy was confirmed with an impact factor of 0.207. Also, academic engagement has an effect on academic buoyancy, with an impact factor of 0.356, and self-efficacy has an impact on academic buoyancy with an impact factor of 0.202. Conclusion: Findings showed that the indirect effect of school relationship on academic buoyancy mediating academic engagement is confirmed, so that the intensity of the indirect effect is equal to 0.206, the indirect effect of family emotional atmosphere on academic buoyancy mediated academic engagement was also confirmed, and  that the indirect effect is equal to 0.055. Furthermore, the indirect effect of academic motivation on academic buoyancy is mediated by self-efficacy, the intensity of the indirect effect is equal to 0.084 (p <0.05).

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of strengths-based career counseling on career exploration, career self-efficacy and dysfunctional career thoughts regulation among unemployed graduates. Methods: study was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-post-follow up design and a control group. Research population consisted of all unemployed female graduates in city of Islamabad Gharb in 2018. Convenient sampling method was employed and through inclusion criteria, 28 individuals were selected and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (14 in each group). The intervention involved four 90-minute weekly sessions using strengths-based career counseling. The control group did not receive any intervention. Career exploration survey, career self-efficacy scale and dysfunctional career thoughts scale were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using ANCOVA statistical method. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant difference at the post-test stages between experimental and control group in career exploration (P <0.001; F = 68.66; P <0.001; F = 102.99), career self-efficacy (P <0.001; F = 34.31; P <0.001; F = 47.94) and dysfunctional career thoughts (P <0.001; F = 7.89; P <0.001; F = 88.22). Also this difference is stable over the time, at the follow up in three month. Conclusion: It is recommended that executive directors and education officials conduct strengths-based career counseling for students on a large scale.

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 Aim: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Anxiety and Self-efficacy of children among children with anxiety. Methods: The statistical population consisted of all children diagnose with anxiety in Ahvaz. The research sample consisted of 3 children that were selected according to the results of the Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) , using purposeful sampling method. In this research, a single-case experimental design, type of non-concurrent multiple baseline designs was used. To evaluate the anxiety, Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and self-Efficacy - Children's Self-Efficacy Scale were used. The data was collected in three phases of baseline, during intervention, and one month follow-up. Findings: The findings indicate that the subjects in the treatment phase experienced improvement in anxiety (30/96) and self-efficacy (28/13), and in the follow-up in regards to anxiety (38/44) and self-efficacy (32/25). The change index was indicative of meaningful changes (z=1/95 α=0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, the research findings illustrated that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy reduces anxiety and increases children's self-efficacy by increasing psychological flexibility and reducing dysfunctional reactions.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to present a structural model for predicting psychological well-being based on family performance, optimism and resilience mediated by social adequacy and academic self-efficacy in students. Methods: The method of this study was descriptive-correlation with structural equation model. From the students of Allameh Tabatabaei Campus in Urmia (women’s branch) and Shahid Rajaei Campus in Urmia (male’s branch) using convenient sampling method, 250 individuals were selected and psychological well-being questionnaires (Reef, 1989), McMaster family performance (Epstein et al., (1990), complemented optimism (life orientation) (Shearer and Carver, 1985), resilience (Connor and Davidson, 2003), social adequacy (Flanner, 1990), and academic self-efficacy (Patrick et al., 1997) were administered. Findings: The results showed that the structural model has an acceptable fit with the collected data. Resilience, optimism, social adequacy and academic self-efficacy were positively and significantly and family performance was negatively and significantly (p <0.01) predicting psychological well-being. Social adequacy and academic self-efficacy mediate positively and significantly (p <0.01) the relationship between resilience and optimism, and negatively and significantly (p <0.01) the relationship between family performance and psychological well-being. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that the educational vitality of the educational program can be a good executive strategy to increase academic self-efficacy, psychological well-being, optimism, resilience and social adequacy of students.

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Abstract
Introduction: Spinal cord injury is one of the problems of human societies. The purpose of this study is to focus on the self-efficacy of people with spinal cord injury. Method: The design used in this study was a single case of type A-B. For this purpose, using purposive sampling, 3 people with spinal cord injury were selected. And received 8 sessions of individual intervention, occupational rehabilitation program training based on social cognitive theory. Data collection tool was Lutans psychological capital questionnaire. The results were analyzed using visual analysis, change reliability index (RCI) and recovery percentage (MPI). Results: The results showed that a rehabilitation program based on social cognitive theory can increase the self-efficacy of people with spinal cord injury. Conclusion: Using a job rehabilitation program and utilizing social cognitive theory that provides guidance and skills training such as substitution or role modeling, social encouragement or positive feedback, and the mobilization of psychological capital as well as information. In the case of able-bodied employment and vocational training, self-efficacy can be increased in people with spinal cord injury.

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Aim: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the mediating role of job search self-efficacy, complexity perception, and luck readiness variables in the relationship between career adaptability and employability among Iranian job seekers. Methods: Data gathered using volunteer sampling and recruited a sample of 719 Iranian job seekers. The data was analysed using structural equation modeling. They were administered Career Adapt-Abilities Scale, Job Search Self-Efficacy Scale, Complexity Perception Index, Luck Readiness Index, and Employability Scale. Finding: The results showed that the effect coefficients of career adaptability on job search self-efficacy (γ = 0.75 and p< 0.001), complexity perception (γ = 0.64 and p< 0.001), luck readiness (γ = 0.88 and p< 0.001), were statistically significant. Furthermore, the effect coefficients of job search self-efficacy (β = 0.39 and p< 0.001), complexity perception (β = 0.17 and p< 0.001), and luck readiness (β = 0.6 and p< 0.001) on employability, as an endogenous dependent variable, were statistically significant. Career adaptability was also indirectly related to employability through these variables. Conclusion: In general, according to the findings of this study based on the existence of an indirect relationship between career adaptability and employability, it should be noted that in order to increase employability, it is necessary not only to pay attention to adaptability, but also to strategies for increasing job search self-efficacy, perception of complexity based on an open thinking system, and readiness for luck.
 

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Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of studying the mediating role of organizational support in the relationship between self-efficacy and work immersion. Methods: The research method was correlational and structural equations were used. The statistical population included all the employees of the oil company in 1400-1401 and among them, 320 people were selected as a sample using a simple random sampling method. The data collection tool included the questionnaire on the experience of flow at work (Talabighi, 2013), the occupational self-efficacy questionnaire of Riggs and Knight (1994), and the organizational support questionnaire by Eisenberg (1986). Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis using AMOS and SPSS software. Findings: The results showed that job self-efficacy has a direct and positive effect on organizational support and the experience of work immersion (P ≤ 0.001). Also, organizational support had a direct and positive role in explaining the variance of job self-efficacy (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Organizational support plays a mediating role in the relationship between work immersion experiences and job self-efficacy (P ≤ 0.001). Based on the results of the research, organizations may facilitate the effect of proactive employee behavior by implementing human resource practices and by facilitating transformational leadership behaviors, so it can inspire researchers and practitioners who want to create, strengthen, and facilitate optimal experiences at work.

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 Aim: Due to the lack of proper training, female-headed households are suddenly faced with a lot of responsibilities without prior training, as a result of which they suffer stressful conditions and psychological pressure, and finally, the self-efficacy of these females is affected. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based compassion therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy on female-headed households' self-efficacy. Methods: The design of this research was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of research included female-headed households in Shahrekord in the year 2022. In this research, 60 women whose self-efficacy questionnaire score were between 17 and 34 were selected through purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups and one control group (20 persons in each group). Then, the experimental groups were treated with eight 120-minute mindfulness-based compassion therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy. The data were collected from the GSE-17 self-efficacy questionnaire, and finally, were analyzed through repeated measure analysis of variance. Findings: The findings showed that in the two stages of post-test and follow-up, the average score of self-efficacy in the two experimental groups was significantly different from the control group. Also, the results of the findings indicated the greater effectiveness of positive cognitive-behavioral therapy. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it is suggested to use positive cognitive-behavioral therapy along with other treatment methods to increase the self-efficacy of female-headed households.