Journal of Counseling Research

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The purpose of present study was to investigate the role of secondary trauma as a mediator in relationship between attachment styles and father-child conflict. This study was a correlational research that carried out by structural equation modeling. warfare victims’ children living in Yazd, Esfahan, Najafabad, and Yasuj and studying at Shahed and Isargar Schools of these cities were the target population in this study. Of this population, 607 subjects were selected by cluster sampling method. Secondary traumatic stress scale (STSS), Adult Attachment Scale and Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (PCTS) were used to collect the data. Finally, correlational analysis and structural equation modeling used to analyze the data. The findings show that insecure avoidant and insecure ambivalent attachment by secondary trauma significantly related with verbal and physical aggression. Secure attachment style was not any direct and indirect relationship with father-child conflict. But, insecure avoidant attachment has a direct relationship with reasoning and verbal aggression. Finally, fit index show that proposed model in present study was confirmed with a few modification. With regarding Findings of the current study can conclude that secondary trauma has a significant role as a mediating factor in relationship between insecure attachment styles and father-child conflict and therefore probably told that teachings based on attachment styles prevent transmission of secondary trauma and then father-child conflicts in Warfare Victims’ Children.

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Objective: it is research complemented with purpose of investigating The Effect of correspondence family education in improving awareness of students' parents and Enriching Their Educational Skills.
Methods: Due to the nature and objectives of the research, research design was a survey. The statistical population of the research, included all parents and principal of Tehran schools. A sample of 100 parents of students using voluntary sampling method And a sample of 360 principals with using multi-stage cluster sampling in Tehran districts were selected. To determine the sample size of the school principals, the sample size table of the Kregcie and Morgan (1970) was used. In order to collect data for this study, two types of tools were developed, interview form (structured) with students' parents and researcher-made questionnaire for principals. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and one sample T-test was used.
Results: the results show that in parents' views as well as principals', correspondence family education program(Eshareh brochures) has highly been effective in increasing parents' knowledge on children education. From the perspective of students' parents, correspondence education family program(Eshareh brochures) greatly enrich their educational skills, increase desirable behaviors in children, establish desirable behaviors in children, improve mental health, life skills development, improving educational methods and treatment of children and reduce tension within the family has been effective. The results also showed From the perspective of principals, that correspondence education family program(Eshareh brochures) have greatly enriched the educational skills of parents of students in terms of desirable behaviors in children, improve mental health, creating favorable behaviors in children, life skills development and improvement of educational and behavioral methods have been effective with children.
Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of correspondence family education program in improving knowledge and awareness of students' parents and enriching their educational skills, It can be concluded that in this way can be the most Parents of students who have busy work, And could not attend meetings of family education in schools, helped to improve the education process of their children.
 

 

 

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a life skills training program (self-awareness skills, coping with stress and empathy) based on Islamic culture in divorced women. Method: The method of qualitative research is narrative type and use of semi-structured interview. The statistical population includes all divorced women referring to counseling and psychological services centers of Kerman city and paired therapists, which 15 clients and 10 specialists were selected by available sampling method. Data were gathered using interviews and expert panel and data were analyzed using Lincoln and Guba method. Results: The results showed that life skills training program was codified in 3 main axes of self-awareness, empathy and coping with stress, 11 axes and 32 subject areas, and also, the content validity of this program is based on the Lavasha method and based on expert opinion with a content validity ratio (CVR) of 80% which is higher than the minimum acceptable level of 0.62 for this number of specialists. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be said that life skills training program based on Islamic culture is an appropriate and effective program for empowering divorced women in life.
 

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Aim: Intimacy among couples is an important factor in sustainable marriages. If couples' intimacy fades, it will affect their tendency toward extramarital relations. Individuals' style of attachment form during childhood and exert a notable influence on the formation of their marital intimacy during adulthood. Therefore, the goal of the present research was to study the mediating role of marital intimacy in relation between attachment styles and attitude of  Methods: This research is a descriptive-analytic study of correlational type. The statistical population is comprised of all married men and women of Tehran in the Iranian year of 1396. The study's sample was chosen from the population using the convenient sampling method. Data collection tools included Mark Whatley (2006) Q Attitude Toward Transnational Relationships Questionnaire, Collins & Read (1990) Attachment Style Questionnaire, and Thompson and Walker (2002) Marital Intimacy Questionnaire. The total population size of the sample was 650 couples, consisting of 357 women and 293 men.   Data analysis was done using the path analysis method and the AMOS statistical software from SPSS company. Results: Analyzing the correlation coefficients and their standardized values, in addition to the related t-test values, indicated that the direct effect of the anxiety-driven attachment style on marital intimacy is meaningful (P≤0/05). Furthermore, the indirect effect of marital intimacy on tendency toward infidelity is meaningful (P≤0/05). Conclusion: Since marriage and choosing a partner is one of the most important decisions in life, considering the predicting role of unsafe attachment style and the role of marital intimacy in individuals' tendency toward infidelity, the necessity of analyzing these two variables as it applies to premarital counseling and parental training about child education and attachment styles, must be emphasized.

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Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy towards marriage and the criteria for choosing a spouse by unmarried students. Methods: This was a pre and post test with a 2 month follow-up. The statistical population of this research included 167 unmarried students of Allameh Tabatabai University who were studying in the academic year of 2020- 2021. The sample were randomly selected and covariance was used for analysis. Findings: The results and findings indicated that the teaching of acceptance-based therapy is effective on the components of attitude towards marriage and the criteria for choosing a spouse in single students. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, it is suggested that acceptance and commitment therapy could be use in premarital counseling

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Aim: The aim of the present study was to develop a culturally grounded framework for mystical psychotherapy based on Rumi’s teachings; a framework that, drawing on the capacities of Iranian–Islamic mysticism, offers a deeper understanding of human nature, the origins of psychological suffering, and the path of treatment. ▌Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and thematic analysis. Initially, the fundamental concepts of psychotherapy theories were identified as primary (deductive) themes. Subsequently, the six volumes of the Masnavi Ma‘navi were analyzed as the main data source, and themes related to Rumi’s teachings, along with emergent themes, were inductively extracted. In total, approximately 600 initial codes were generated, which were then integrated and organized into 44 subthemes and 11 main themes. To assess credibility, the findings were reviewed and confirmed by five experts in psychology and mystical literature, and the overall content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was found to be higher than 0.79. ▌Findings: According to Rumi’s perspective, human beings possess a divine, healthy “authentic self” while simultaneously becoming entangled in “false selves” generated by the mind, which constitute the primary source of psychological suffering. The most significant sources of disturbance include being trapped in mental consciousness, the illusion of perfection, and attachment to transient pleasures. Mental health depends on liberation from illusory selves and a return to authentic presence and the experience of inner unity and integration. Within this framework, interpersonal conflicts are rooted in intrapersonal conflicts, and the ultimate goal of therapy is the unveiling of the authentic self, the attainment of witnessing awareness, the experience of genuine inner peace and joy, and human transcendence. ▌Conclusion: A mystical psychotherapy framework based on Rumi’s perspective can function as a culturally rooted and complementary approach to conventional therapies, contributing to the enhancement of psychological well-being, the management of inner conflicts, the cultivation of wisdom, and individuals’ spiritual growth. By emphasizing self-knowledge, transcending mental identities, and elevating awareness, this framework has the capacity to provide a foundation for developing therapeutic interventions aligned with Iranian–Islamic culture.

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Objective: War conditions may affect young children's experiences across emotional, cognitive, and behavioral domains. Despite the importance of this issue, direct research on parents'experiences of emotional and behavioral changes in children under six years of age during wartime remains limited. The present study aimed to understand parents' lived experiences of the emotional and behavioral states of children under six years of age in the context of war-related tension and crisis and to identify the dimensions of this experience.
Method: This study was conducted using a descriptive phenomenological approach. Participants were 16 parents of children under six years of age who had experienced the war-related crisis and were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step phenomenological analysis method. 
Results: Analysis of parents' lived experiences indicated that young children's experiences of war-related tension and crisis were multidimensional and were reflected in emotional, cognitive, and behavioral domains. The core theme was identified as “Consequences and the Process of Adaptation to War Crisis in Children.” This core theme comprised seven main themes: “the context in which the child's experience is formed,” “emotional arousal and insecurity,” “the child's efforts to seek security,” “the reflection of war in children's cognition and meaning-making,” “the reflection of war in children's behavior and play,” “the influence of parents' responses on the child's experience,”and “adaptation and return to normalcy.” Overall, one core theme, seven main themes, and 21 subthemes were identified. 
Conclusion: The findings indicate that young children's experience of war crisis is a multidimensional process that begins with their exposure to the consequences of war and is manifested through fear and worry, sensitivity to sounds, feelings of danger and threat, increased need for parental presence, questions about war and death, changes in sleep and daily activities, and changes in play.
 

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Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of teaching self-awareness of desires based on the theory of true colors on the indecision of a career path among ninth graders. Method: The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a one-month follow-up phase. The statistical population included all ninth grade male students in the second secondary schools of Isfahan city in the academic year 1400-1401.The statistical sample consisted of 44 students who were selected by the available method and randomly assigned to experimental (22 people) and control (22 people) groups. The experimental group underwent seven 90-minute sessions of self-awareness training based on true color theory, and the control group remained on the waiting list. The data collection tool included the career indecision questionnaire by Esipo, Karani and Barak (1976). In order to review and analyze the data, SPSS23 statistical software and variance analysis of repeated measures were used. Results: The obtained results showed that the self-awareness education interventions based on the true colors theory it has been effective in reducing the indecision of their career path and the effects of these interventions in the indecision of the career path remained in the follow-up stage (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, it can be said that teaching self-awareness of desires based on the theory of true colors is a suitable method to overcome the indecision of the career path for ninth grade male students.