Journal of Counseling Research

---

The purpose of this study was done to explain the difference between dimensions of self-regulatory learning strategies in high-school students in different family types based on family process and content model. The research method was descriptive and post event. For this reason multistage cluster sampling was selected between second and third of 308 (186 female, 122 male) high-school students in Shiraz. The information was collected from self-report family process scale and self-report family content scale (children form) and motivated strategies for learning questionnaire were used that their validity and reliability has been confirmed. The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA & MANOVA. The results showed that cognitive strategies have significant difference in healthy family and unhealthy family. Also results showed that there is difference in self- regulatory learning strategies among students in different family types. And is recommended to school psychologists and counselors that this issue should be considered in consultation with the student.

---

Aminnasab, z - Farahbakhsh,k Developing a stable professional identity, especially in counseling is a time-taking process. The goal of this study was to analyze the experiences of graduates in helping professions on the way of becoming professionals, so that the obtained data be used to clarify, in teaching, and for career supervision. The research method was qualitative in nature (phenomenological) with purposeful sampling. The sample population consisted of 23 counseling graduates with average of 4 years of working experience. The interviews were semi-structured in which the participants shared their experience of becoming professionals. Following data collection, coding and sentences related to their most important experiences (feelings of professional identity, expectations involved, counseling metaphors, and perspectives about rewards in counseling jobs) were drawn and analyzed. Responses showed indicated that participants seemed to be aware of profession's requirements and posses a sense of worth and effectiveness in the profession. Results of this study show the strengths, risks, and areas in need of growth in process of training counselors, which can be useful for academic programs in counseling.

---

Salimi, H The purpose of the present article was to study the predicting role of Iranian family components in the adolescents’ feeling of loneliness. The main hypothesis asserts that family communication patterns are good determining factor for feeling of loneliness in adolescents. In this correlational study, 225 female high school students were chosen by random cluster sampling. For data collection, Revised University of California at Los Angles Loneliness Scale (UCLA) and Revised Family Communication Pattern (RECP) questionnaire were used. For data analysis, simultaneous multivariate regression, using SPSS 20 software was used. The findings indicates a meaningful relation between family communication patterns and adolescents’ feeling of loneliness. Additionally, the two components of empathizing and conversational styles by family members appeared to correlate with lower feelings of loneliness. In other words, the more empathizing and conversation among family members occurred, the lower adolescents’ feelings of loneliness. The results confirms the importance of working to modify negative communication patterns among family members.

---

Ali Mohammad Nazari Aim: The current meta-analysis aims to investigate the results obtained from the previous research on the role of family in juvenile delinquency. Method: To this end, 40 researches of Tehran University’s theses were compiled among which 20 researches appropriate for the analysis were selected. The research selection for the current meta-analysis was based on the following methodological factors: research questions, hypotheses, goals, population, sampling, procedure, statistical methodology, and reliability and validity of questionnaires. Statistical analyses were accomplished using the Comprehensive Meta-analysis Software. Results: The results of the current study which were obtained using the effect size combination of Schmit & Hantez showed a good support for the relationship between juvenile delinquency and the following factors: family behavior, divorce and parents’ separation, parents’ education, parents monitoring, economic situation of the family, religious beliefs of the family, family’s criminal record, and juvenile delinquency. However, the relationship between parents’ quarrel and juvenile delinquency didn’t receive any support. Conclusions: The results of the study may be used for curriculum planning, development, and treatment in schools, universities, counseling and psychotherapy centers for the aim of preventing delinquencies and reducing the negative effects of family-related factors in juvenile delinquencies.

---

Purpose: The pourpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of instruction of model of healthy family on resiliency in mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Qom, Iran. Method: Quasi experimental design was adopted in which pre-test, post-test, and control group were deployed. The sampling population of the present study included all mothers of children with ASD of Qom in 2016. In so doing, 30 participants were selected based on simple random sampling among those mothers willingly participated in instructional sessions of model of healthy family. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental (n=15) and control group (n=15). During an identical condition, data from both groups were collected by means of demographic information questionnaire resiliency and then analyzed as the pre-test. Subsequently, during a period of 10 sessions participants of experimental group were instructed the model of healthy family, whereas control group received no specific instruction. After that, both groups participated in a following post-test and data were analyzed using ANCOVA. Results: The results discovered that instruction of model of healthy family has a meaningful and positive impact on resiliency (P<0/05) in mothers of children with ASD. Conclusion: All in all, based on the results of the present study, the model of healthy family, as an appropriate treatment, can have a considerable efficacy on recovery of resiliency in mothers of children with Autism ASD. 

---

Aim: This research aims to investigate and compare the factors affecting the successful and unsuccessful entrance the adolescent stage of family life cycle.

Method: This is a qualitative study and the data were analyzed by using grounded theory method. The population consists of all of the families with successful and unsuccessful adolescents in Tehran city and the sample consists of 10 families having successful adolescents and 12 families having unsuccessful adolescents. Data were collected by using purposeful sampling and the semi-structured interviews.

Findings: The findings showed that protective factors which lead adolescents to successful or unsuccessful transition include the following: family domain, parental domain and social domain. The protective factors in parental domain have basic differences. They were different in communication styles in family, family management styles, family structure and economic situation of the family. Findings related to the parental domain showed that parental attitudes toward education, parental attitudes toward success, parental behavior toward social success and vulnerability in parenting were different in parents with successful and unsuccessful adolescents. Also protective factors in social domain were different with each other. The results showed that successful parents were different in social relationship management and adolescent behavior toward social success with unsuccessful parents.

Conclusion: In sum, studies showed that social environment, educating parents and their adolescents and also strengthening protective resources in family are needed to have a successful transition from adolescence stage of family life cycle.

---

Purpose: The present study was done with an aim to analyze the perceptions and lived experience of couples about the causes of emotional separation. Methods: The present study was of qualitative type, and followed a phenomenological approach. The data, which have been gathered through conducting twenty in-depth and semi-structured interviews with male and female who were either currently or formerly married in two cities of Qom and Tehran, have been analyzed using the theoretical coding.. Based on their married life experience, the individuals in this study described and stated the causes of the development and aggravation of their emotional separation, as well as the ways to prevent and improve such separations. Results: The in-depth analysis of the lived experiences of the interviewees led into the identification of ten minor causes and eventually into the categorization of these minor causes into four larger categories. According to the findings, the major causes of the phenomenon of  divorce are categorized into: the psychological and moral challenges, the emotional and sexual challenges, the financial challenges, and challenges related to the information technology. Conclusion: The Results of this research indicate the diversity and the multiplicity of the underlying causes of emotional separation, and suggest that such a phenomenon is affected by a variety of intertwining causes. Furthermore, these results put emphasis on the necessity for the improvement of the individual skills, such as emotional intelligence (EI), effective communication, and problem-solving as the ultimate remedies to this situation.

---

Objective: it is research complemented with purpose of investigating The Effect of correspondence family education in improving awareness of students' parents and Enriching Their Educational Skills.
Methods: Due to the nature and objectives of the research, research design was a survey. The statistical population of the research, included all parents and principal of Tehran schools. A sample of 100 parents of students using voluntary sampling method And a sample of 360 principals with using multi-stage cluster sampling in Tehran districts were selected. To determine the sample size of the school principals, the sample size table of the Kregcie and Morgan (1970) was used. In order to collect data for this study, two types of tools were developed, interview form (structured) with students' parents and researcher-made questionnaire for principals. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and one sample T-test was used.
Results: the results show that in parents' views as well as principals', correspondence family education program(Eshareh brochures) has highly been effective in increasing parents' knowledge on children education. From the perspective of students' parents, correspondence education family program(Eshareh brochures) greatly enrich their educational skills, increase desirable behaviors in children, establish desirable behaviors in children, improve mental health, life skills development, improving educational methods and treatment of children and reduce tension within the family has been effective. The results also showed From the perspective of principals, that correspondence education family program(Eshareh brochures) have greatly enriched the educational skills of parents of students in terms of desirable behaviors in children, improve mental health, creating favorable behaviors in children, life skills development and improvement of educational and behavioral methods have been effective with children.
Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of correspondence family education program in improving knowledge and awareness of students' parents and enriching their educational skills, It can be concluded that in this way can be the most Parents of students who have busy work, And could not attend meetings of family education in schools, helped to improve the education process of their children.
 

 

 

---

Aim : This study aimed to investigating the role of Satisfaction with family life and the Quality of family life in the Anxiety and depression in children and other objective was to test the mediating role of parenting stress.
Methods: For this purpose 499 parents of female students were selected by random cluster sampling. They completed the Kansas Family Life Satisfaction Scale Family, Quality of Family Life Scale, Parenting Stress Index - Short Form and  Rutter Child Behavior Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling.
Results: The results of data analysis showed all paths Satisfaction with family life and the Quality of family life to Anxiety and depression has been significant and negative.
Conclusion: Parenting stress played a mediating role and was a good model fit indices. Either Focus on Quality factors created in family life and Reduce parenting stress to Reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression in children.

---

Abstract
Objective: This study sets out to examine comparing the effectiveness of family therapy based on Bowen’s family systems theory and logo therapy on the divorce applicant clients' tendency to marital infidelity.Methodology: The design of the study is experimental and in the form of pretest and post test conducted on the tow experimental and one control group. The population includes all of the female counseling applicants of Sanandaj, one of the provinces of Kurdistan. 30 subjects were selected at the tow experimental and one control group based on random among the data population. Using the tools of love styles, the scales of independent variables of love styles of women were measured within female counseling applicants (pretest) and in the end, based on random situation sampling, subjects were arranged in two 15- groups i.e. Bowen family systems theory therapy and evidence group. Results: The results of repeated measurs test showed that the effect of family therpy based on logo therapy and the effect of family therapy based on Bowen’s family systems theory on reducing the tendency to reduction of marital infidelity reduction and reducing its components (cognitive, emotional and sexual infidelity) in divorce applicant clients' are significant and stable (P-value <0.05). The results of the BONFERRONI follow up test showed that the family therpy based on logo therapy in comparison with other interventions was more effective in reducing the marital infidelity and reducing its components (P-value <0.05). Conclusion: Participating in family therapy based on Bowen’s family systems theory, and even better, participate in family therpy based on logo therapy can be reduction of marital infidelity significantly and consistently.

---

Purpose: The quality of sexual relationship and marital intimacy are important topics of post-marriage experience. Similarly, religiosity is commonly considered as an influential framework for life. Past research has not been able to accurately discover or illustrate the opinions of experts in the area of couples counseling about the relationship between these dimensions. Therefore, this research was conducted to examine the marriage and family experts’ points of view about the role of religiosity in sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy of couples. Methods: Qualitative approach of phenomenological type was used.  For this, ten individuals who were counselors or psychologist with active working experience with couples were interviewed according to qualitative protocols. Data collected from interviews were then analyzed using features available in Microsoft Word software. Results: In the open-coding, 147 initial codes were produced, while the axial-coding based on thematic similarities yielded 24 categorical codes. One of the main questions asked of the participants was “what role can religiosity play in the quality of couple’s relationship?” Overall, according to the analysis of the responses obtained, religiosity plays a positive role in sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy of couples. However, some of the participants mentioned a few points as reservations to be considered which are covered in the current article. Conclusion: Counselors’ and psychotherapists’ perceptions about role and relation between variables of religiosity, sexual satisfaction, and marital intimacy are important. Of the main findings of the present study was interviewees’ describing the prerequisite or complementary context for capitalizing on positive effects of religiosity in sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy. situation was that the interviewees as it is a prerequisite for receiving a positive impact or supplement and religiosity on the significant sex and marital intimacy.

---

Purpose: Current study was conducted to determine and compare the effectiveness of transactional analysis with short-term strategic family therapy on marital conflicts in couples who had referred to petroleum engineering organization’s counseling center. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental research with experimental and control groups, plus pre and post tests, and a follow-up after 2 months. The study population included couples who had referred to the mentioned counseling center, from which 45 couples were selected based on similar criteria. Moreover, 30 couples were chosen and randomly placed into two experimental and one control group. In this research 10 couples (20 individuals) received transactional analysis while 10 others received short-term strategic family therapy, and the third 10 participants were assigned to the control group. The two experimental groups received eight 90-minute therapy; but the control group was only administered the pre-test, but not received any therapy. All three groups received a post-test and the follow-up test after 2 months. For data analysis, repeated variance analysis and SPSS-22 software were used. Findings: Results showed that both transactional analysis and short-term strategic family therapy had influenced the level of conflict in participating couples in post-test and follow-up (p=0/005, F=5/92). Conclusions: Overall, it can be concluded that intervention with the two methods influences lowering marital conflicts.
 

---

---

Introduction: Economic and family conditions are one of the most important factors affecting the mental health of the child.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of family and economic factors on hyperactivity and attention deficit (ADHD) symptoms in children aged 11-6 years.
Method: To investigate the aim of the research, qualitative research method was used. Therefore, 13 mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were selected by semi-structured interviews and then the data were analyzed by the method of content analysis.
Results: The results of the research in the qualitative section led to the identification of four sub categories and two main categories.
Conclusion: The results showed that the family of children with ADHD have low income, inadequate living space, lack of a child's room, low level of education, lack of awareness about child's disorder and single/multi parent. These factors may increase the symptoms of ADHD.
It is suggested that therapists pay attention to stressful factors such as economic and family conditions in the treatment of children with ADHD.

---

Abstract:

Objective: This study examined the couple took power in the relationship. Although Islam has entrusted the overall management of life to men, and its purpose is to enter about religious and customary in this field, but the chaff power takes a couple abnormal and pathological. How about that power couples to occur? And community and social gender learning how to influence couples? And a variety of power will be analyzed in relation to the test, whether the power couples in marital therapy is only a question of social justice, moral or physical therapy is an important issue? Are changes in marital satisfaction and mental health in couples therapy can cause? Methods: In this study is content analysis, and library. Results: In this regard, the new texts were a couple of power in the relationship. The strength of the relationship is a reflection of how the needs, interests and goals of a person over another. Relationship therapy approach social - emotional new approach in marital therapy work with couples and create a relationship of power in relation to the acts, will be introduced .Conclusion: When the power balance is distributed, each of the couples will be able to with your spouse become involved in issues that are important to them, And both feel they have the same right to express ideas, needs and feelings of their own, and thus marital satisfaction and family security will be established.

---

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the probability of marital infidelity prediction based on the degree of self-differentiation, family function and couple burnout in couples living in city of Sanandaj, Iran.  Methods: The research was fundamentally objective and in terms of the method of data collection, a descriptive type that was carried out in the form of a prediction correlation scheme was used. The research sample included volunteer couples experiencing infidelity who had referred to the counseling centers and family courts system. Sample size included 357 individuals filling out differentiation, couple burnout and family function questionnaires. Results were analyzed with SPSS and hierarchical regression method. Findings: The results of the study showed differentiation (B= - 0/-73) and family function (B= - 0/43)  are negative predictors while marital burnout (B=0/31) is positive predictor for infidelity (p≤0/01). Cconclusion: Therefore, it can be said that training courses about differentiation and preventing couple burnout, and as a result increase in family functioning can prevent marital infidelity.
 

---

---

Aim: Family representation in the media expresses dominant discourses about its structure and patterns, and the media can create, confirm, or modify these discourses. This article looks at how family rules, structures, and patterns have evolved over the past few decades, and how cinema has played a role in this transformation and discourse, and in what ways, tools, as well as the changes in the family's current and cultural structure are coded for. Methods: Because we deal with animated images, music and words as media texts, we use a qualitative approach with semiotic approach to examine visual cues in selected cinematic films. Purpose: The purpose of this comparative study was to compare the two decades of Iranian cinema in the 70s and 90s with a focus on Leila (Dariush Mehrjui, 1996) and Ice Age (Mostafa Kiaei, 2014). Social and ideological cinematic films in the course of the last two decades from 1970 to 1996 shown that the context of fundamental changes in the family structure and its constituent components such as rules, boundaries, roles and patterns of communication has been identified. Conclusion: The findings confirm that changes from technical to social and ideological codes have made serious changes, and these factors have caused the family structure to collapse.
 

---

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of self-differentiation training on improving family process and content in demanding couples with contested divorce. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and two-months follow-up with control group was used. The statistical population included couples who mutually consented for divorce, and had referred to the counselling clinic of Behravan in Qazvin in 2018. Ten couples (20 participants) were selected through purposeful sampling and assigned in experimental and control groups. Research tools included Samani’s (2008) family process and content questionnaire. Self-differentiation was administered for the experimental group in 10 weekly 90-minute sessions. The changes of family process and content was measured in posttest and follow-up and data were analyzed by repeated measurement. Results: Results indicated that self-differentiation significantly have promoted family process (P<0.01, F=21.14) and family content (P<0.01, F= 23.32). This effect was observed in follow-up, and four couples gave up the divorce requests (P>0.01, t= 0.01). Conclusion: self-differentiation training, thorough empowering couples, helps in moderating between reason and emotions; while differentiaton of self from original family, affects the functions of family process and content. Therefore, it can be used as an efficient psycho-educational package for improving the functions of family process and content in divorce demanding couples, and may helpprevent divorce

---

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to discuss the implications of the lessons from the Quran in managing the roles and relationships in couples. Methods: Using the qualitative method and applying content analysis, all verses related to couples from Quran were explored. Results: According to the results of the study, the main identified themes for the stage of marriage included romantic relationships, couples’ roles, boundaries, distribution of family management, financial relationships, sexual relationships, and conflict resolution in couples’ relationships.  Conclusion: Based on the lessons from the Quran, the religious attitude can be considered a powerful tool in order to decrease marital conflicts and eventually in increasing marital satisfaction.