Journal of Counseling Research

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Amanelahi, A[1] - Karimzadeh Negar, A[2] - Aslani, KH[3]

This study examined the moderating role of mindfulness in the relationship between attachment styles and marital quality of female students in Shahid Chamran University in Ahvaz. Sample size included 207 married female students who were selected using convenient sampling. Participants completed Behavioral Systems Questionnaire, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale,  and Marital Quality Index. Descriptive and correlational research methods were used, anddata was analyzed using Pearson correlation and linear regression, using statistical software (SPSS-21). Results indicated a significant positive relationship between the secureattachment styles and marital quality, and a significant negative relationship between preoccupied and ambivalent attachment styles with marital quality. The results also showed that mindfulness seems to moderate the relationship between secure, preoccupied, and ambivalent attachment styles with marital quality.

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Soleimani, A - Rasoolzadeh Tabatabaee, S.K - Dabbaghi, P - Azadfallah, P - Taghva, A Over the two recent decades, the incidence and prevalence of methamphetamine or crystal abuse has become a real problem in Iran. Methamphetamine, like many other addictive drugs has a destructive, chronic, and relapsing path. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of mindfulness-based spiritual schema activation therapy method in reducing the related symptoms of drug abuse and impulse control in men patients addicted to methamphetamine. In order to evaluate the hypothesis of the study, a total of 30 men addicted to crystal methamphetamine in one of the largest residential camps in Tehran were randomly recruited and divided into two experimental and control groups. SCID-CV interviews are used to assess the person’s conditions in terms of abuse, and to measure the dependent variables of the study. MAP questionnaires and Barratt Impulsiveness (11th edition) were used in three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The results indicates that there seems to be a significant difference at the level of 0.01 between the experimental and control groups in terms of the dependent variables, in the rate of psychological and physiological symptoms, and also impulse control in the post-test and follow-up stages. This difference was found at the 3-month follow-up stage. This study showed that spiritual schema activation treatment based on mindfulness can significantly reduce the symptoms related to both dependent variables.

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Aim: Mindfulness, as a new therapy method, has its roots in the culture of the East. The aim of this study is to identify the cultural and mindfulness-based metaphors in the Rumi's Masnavi (three chapters of first book). Methods: The current research analyzes the content of the above-mentioned section of Masnavi. The sampling was targeted and 1027 metaphors were identified. The metaphors attributed to the 9 components of mindfulness were identified, and their abundance was also cosidered. MAXQDA coding software was used to analyze the extracted data. Findings: The investigations showed that the number of the metaphors in the first chapter was two times more than the second and third chapters. The metaphors related to the components of mindfulness according to the number were sorted as follows: the non-striving, trust (confidence), non-judging, generoslty (kindness), patience, acceptance and gratitude, beginner's mind and letting go. In other words, the non-striving and letting go were respectively used most and least frequently. The sub-components of surrender, non-fighting and silence were identified for the non-striving component. The sub-components of insight, inclusiveness, and non-comparing was distinguished for the non-judging component . In addition, based on the researched metaphors and the concept of mindfulness, four new components of awareful action, observation and describing, understand (empathy) and balance, as other components of mindfulness were also discovered. Conclusion: For the means of facilitating the conveyance of concepts, education and therapy with cognitive-based mindfulness, it is suggested that  therapists and counselors use the folk and cultural metaphors in the poems of Rumi.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of adolescent-reasoned mindfulness (MBCT) and emotionally focused therapy (EFT) on self-esteem and sleep Disorder of bereaved adolescents. Methods: The study had a quasi-experimental design, with a post-test, pretest design, control group, and follow- up phase. The statistical population of bereaved adolescents referred to the counseling clinics department of education in city of Shiraz during the year 2017-2018. From among this population, 48 were selected through available sampling and were randomly divided into two experimental groups, adolescent-centered mindfulness and, emotionally focused therapy, in addition to a control group. One experimental group received adolescent-centered mindfulness for 10 one-hour long sessions, while the second experimental group received emotionally-focused therapy for 8 one-hour long sessions. The subjects were evaluated with Self-Esteem Questionnaire (SEI , 1989) and Sleep Disorder Questionnaire (PSQI, 1967) before the initiation of treatment. Fourty-five days following the conclusion of group training, a follow-up was performed. The control group had no group education. Data were analyzed using repeated measures. Results: Results showed that the use of adolescent-centered mindfulness and emotionally-focused therapy is effective on self-esteem and sleep disorder of bereaved adolescents (p<0/05). The effect of adolescent-centered mindfulness were greater than emotionally-focused therapy and the changes were stable through the time. Conclusions: According to this study, it can be concluded that both adolescent-centered mindfulness training and emotionally-focused interventios are effective for self-esteem and sleeping problems in adolescents, and that adolescent-centered mindfulness was more effective in increasing self-esteem and reducing sleeping proglems.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on cognitive components (fusion, avoidance and cognitive flexibility) and oxidative stress in women with type-2 diabetes. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test/post-test design and control group on 60 female patients with type-2 diabetes referred to public health centers in Birjand (Iran) during 2016. Participants in the two experimental groups (40 subjects) and one control group (20 subjects) were recruited through convenient sampling and the tests administered randomly. Data collection tools included Gilander et al. (2014) Cognitive Integration Questionnaire, Sexton and Ducas (2008) Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire, and Dennis and Vanderwall (2010) Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire. Also, the experimental group was presented with Fendaic (2017) Dialectical Behavior Therapy protocol, Ghahari Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (2016) and cognitive therapy based on Seagal, Williams & Tizdell (2002) mindfulness, which was not presented to the control group. Data analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. Findings: The results showed that dialectical behavior therapy, in comparison with mindfulness-based cognition therapy on reducing cognitive components, and oxidative stress and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on thought-suppression and emotional components in patients with diabetes is effective (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, dialectical behavior therapy can be used as a complementary therapy to improve the emotional and cognitive components of diabetic patients compared to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.

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Aim: Students are one of the most talented and promising segments of society and future builders of their country, and their level of health and psychological well-being will have a significant impact on learning and increasing their scientific awareness and academic success. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate a structural model of psychological well-being based on negative life events and mindfulness with emphasis on the mediating role  of coping styles. Methods: The method of conducting the present study was descriptive correlational of structurequational type. The statistical population of the study were the undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran, 365 of whom participated through cluster sampling. They responded to questionnaires on negative life events, mindfulness, coping styles, and psychological well-being. The reliability and validity of the instruments were confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis. To analyze the data, structural equation method was used with Amos software. Results: The results showed that the effect of negative life events on the problem-oriented style and psychological well-being is negative and significant. The effect of mindfulness on the problem-oriented style and psychological well-being is positive and significant. The effect of problem-oriented style on psychological well-being is positive and significant. The mediating role of problem-focused coping style in the relationship between negative life events and mindfulness with psychological well-being is meaningful Conclusion: The results showed that the model presented among the students of Shahid Beheshti University has a good fit and confirmed the role of the variables of negative life events, mindfulness and problem-oriented coping style in psychological well-being.

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Aim: Pathological jealousy toward spouse is one of the most common complaints of couples referring for couple therapy. The research aimed to study the effectiveness of integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulnes on decreasing of marital conflict and anxiety in women withpathological jealousy toward spouse. Methods: For this purpose, a quasi-experimental pretest, posttest and follow up design with control group was used. The study sample included 34 women with Pathological jealousy who were selected through purposive sampling among women referredto counseling centers in Isfahan. The intervention method included10integrated sessions of cognitive-behaviorla therapy and mindfulness that was implemented for experimental group. In order to assess variables Marital Conflict Questionnaire (Barati & Sanayi, 2000) and State Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, et al., 1983) were used. The data analysis conducted by multivariate analysis of variance with pretest and control. Findings: The findings showed a significant decline in the mean scores of experimental group, both in anxiety and in marital conflict, in pretest and follow-up stages, but no tangible changes were observed in the control group scores. (p<0.0005). Conclusion: Thus, integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness has been effective in reducing marital conflict and anxiety in women with pathological jealousy toward spouse, and could be used by couple therapists and other psychotherapists.

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 Aim: Due to the lack of proper training, female-headed households are suddenly faced with a lot of responsibilities without prior training, as a result of which they suffer stressful conditions and psychological pressure, and finally, the self-efficacy of these females is affected. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based compassion therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy on female-headed households' self-efficacy. Methods: The design of this research was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of research included female-headed households in Shahrekord in the year 2022. In this research, 60 women whose self-efficacy questionnaire score were between 17 and 34 were selected through purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups and one control group (20 persons in each group). Then, the experimental groups were treated with eight 120-minute mindfulness-based compassion therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy. The data were collected from the GSE-17 self-efficacy questionnaire, and finally, were analyzed through repeated measure analysis of variance. Findings: The findings showed that in the two stages of post-test and follow-up, the average score of self-efficacy in the two experimental groups was significantly different from the control group. Also, the results of the findings indicated the greater effectiveness of positive cognitive-behavioral therapy. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it is suggested to use positive cognitive-behavioral therapy along with other treatment methods to increase the self-efficacy of female-headed households.

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Aim: Paying attention to the level of health and psychological well-being of students as the most important future-makers of the country is of great importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate and present a predictive model of their psychological well-being based on mindfulness mediated by coping styles. Methods: The method of this study was descriptive-correlational which was done by structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the study included undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran (Iran), three hundred sixty five of whom participated in the study through cluster sampling. In order to collect data, mindfulness, coping styles and psychological well-being questionnaires were used. The reliability and validity of the instruments were confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis. To analyze the data, structural equation method was used with Amos software. Findings: The results of this study showed that the effect of mindfulness on problem-oriented style and psychological well-being is significantly positive, but its effect on emotion-oriented style and avoidance style is significantly negative. The effect of problem-oriented style on psychological well-being is positive and significant, but the effect of emotion-oriented style and avoidance style on psychological well-being is not significant. Also, the mediating role of problem-oriented coping style about the effect of mindfulness on psychological well-being is significant. Conclusion: The results showed that the predictive model presented has a good fit and the variables of mindfulness and problem-oriented coping style are effective in psychological well-being.

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Purpose: This research has investigated the effectiveness of adolescent-oriented mindfulness training and positive psychological interventions on self-esteem and sleep problems of adolescent girls in Abadeh city. Method: The current research is a correlational descriptive method. The statistical population of this research includes all female teenagers studying in Abadeh city, and the statistical sample of this research includes 45 people who have sleep and self-esteem problems. The sample people were selected by purposive sampling method. The measurement tools of the current research were the Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Questionnaire (1967) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (Boyce et al., 1998). The current study was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The sample subjects were randomly assigned to three groups (adolescent-centered mindfulness training group, positive psychological intervention group, and control group). In the pre-test stage, all 3 sample groups completed the research questionnaires, then the interventions (adolescent-oriented mindfulness training and positive psychological interventions) were conducted, and at the end of the intervention, all 3 groups completed the questionnaires again. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics (including mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Levin's test, box test, univariate and multivariate covariance analysis) were used with SPSS version 23 software. Findings: Adolescent-centered mindfulness training and positive psychological interventions increase self-esteem and reduce sleep problems among teenage girls in Abadeh city. Also, the findings showed that the mindfulness intervention had a greater effect on increasing self-esteem and reducing sleep problems of adolescent girls studying in Abadeh than the positive psychotherapy intervention.