Journal of Counseling Research

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Abstract This study examined the effectiveness of Marlatt –based on cognitive-behavioral model on relapse reduction of opiate-dependents. In a pilot pretest – posttest with control group project, 30 opiate -dependent clients of addiction clinics in Khorramabad were randomly assigned to two groups. Experimental group were on 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy, totally 24 hours but the control group did not receive any special treatment. All study participants at the beginning of study and end of the weekly meetings were tested by urinalysis. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and test were used. The results showed that the relapse rate of control group after the fourth week was significantly higher than the control group. According to the findings, it can be concluded that Marlatt-based on cognitive behavioral treatment model is effective on relapse reduction of opiate-dependents. :

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The aim of present research was to study effectiveness of social competence training based on Flener model on resilience and rate of victimization of students who are bullying victims. Research design was a quasi-experimental method along with pre-test/post-test and control group. The population consisted of girl victims who were studying at 7th and 8th grade in first stage of secondary school. Sample consisted of 96 victim students that first were screened and then were randomly assigned to experimental (n=46) and control (n=46) groups. California Bullying Victimization and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scales were used. Social competence training was conducted in 12 sessions during six weeks for experimental group and control group received no training. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that the training is effective on increase of resilience and on decrease of the rate of victimization of victims. These results have important implications for officials and consultants in helping to bullying victims and in decrease of bad effects of bullying phenomenon on these students.

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Background: The aim of this study was to present and evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated model of emotionally focused approach and Gottman model on feeling of loneliness in married women. Methods: For this study, quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, follow up and control group was used. The study population included married women who referred to Tehransar health center. The sample consisted of 26 volunteer participants, which were selected using convenience sampling method, in two groups, including experimental (n = 13) and control (n = 13) groups. All participants were asked to complete the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S). Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) results showed that the integrated model of emotionally focused approach and Gottman model significantly decrease feeling of loneliness and its subscales (romantic loneliness, family loneliness, social loneliness). Additionally, using repeated measures in follow-up conducted one month later showed satisfactory results about the effectiveness of the integrated model in the experimental group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the specifically designed integrated model of emotionally focused approach and Gottman model can be used to decrease feeling of loneliness in married women.

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The purpose of this study is examination the relationship between locus of control, dark character and marital violence. The study is descriptive and correlational as well as structural equation modeling, which investigate the relationship between exogenous and endogenous latent structures in model. Population of this study included all divorced men and women over the last six months (second half of 2015), and men and women seeking divorce at Judicial centers in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 250 persons who were selected using simple sampling and 201 persons completed questionnaires. For collection of data, Rotter internal-external control scale, dark character scale (dark triad) DT and Conflict Tactics Scale-Revised (CTS-2) was used. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling as well as SPSS and AMOS software was used. The findings showed that dark character and locus of control are strong and significant predictor for marital violence.

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The purpose of this study was to construct an organizational pathology scale and to investigate organizational damage in food industry companies based on the three-branch model. This research is applied study,  in terms of its purpose and in terms of research method, it is a mixed type. The statistical population of this study is all employees of Amol Industrial City Food Industries Company. The sample of these people is 250 people who selected by clustered. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the test was confirmed by experts, and its reliability was confirmed by using  cronbach's alpha test was obtained 0/92. The results of factor analysis showed that the questions and their factors have a good correlation. To evaluate organizational pathology based on the three-branch model (behavioral, context and structural components),  were used, descriptive statistics (central indices) and chi square test and the results showed that among the factors related to behavioral factors, the highest percentage of damage was related to motivation and purposefulness component (34%) and in second, job security is about 32%. Among the factors related to structural factors, the highest percentage of damage related to the component of selection and recruitment methods in the organization (about 33%) and the context factor with solo components of individual and social factors is estimated at 31% of the organization's damage.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of socioeconomic status on individual and combination effects, and resilience to academic performance. Methods: For this purpose, 600 students who were selected by two stage cluster sampling methodology completed the Martin and Marsh Resiliency Questionnaire (2006) and their parents answered the International Socioeconomic Status Questionnaire. TIMSS (Which is repeated every four years for the country's performance in science and mathematics education to determine the trend of educational change and even the rate of decline and increased performance of students in participating countries after these years). Parents were also identified in three groups with high socioeconomic status, moderate, and low levels of this variable. Findings: Multilevel structural Equation Model was used to study and analyze the data. The results showed that socioeconomic status had a significant direct effect on academic performance in both levels of the student and the family, and the effect of resilience on academic performance was significant. Conclusions: The model has a good fit and 22% of students' performance variance at the student level and 28% of the variance in the performance of students at the family level was explained.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of career adaptability in relationship between emotional intelligence and career decision making difficulties among 9th grade students. Methods: This was a correlational research that using structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of 9th grade students of Qazvin province in the academic year 2016-17. The sample consisted of 433 students (206 boys and 227 girls) selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling. Measures included Career Adaptability Scale, Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory, and Decision Making Difficulties Questionnaire. The data were calculated using Pearson correlation coefficients (using SPSS-24), and structural equation modeling. The statistical significance of indirect effects also was calculated by bootstrapping method (using AMOS24). Findings: The results of this study showed that most of the overall -0.67 for the emotional intelligence on decision-making difficulties was indirectly due to the mediation of career adaptability (β = -0.41, p <0.001), while a part of it was more directly (β = -0.26, p <0.001). The conceptual model also showed a significant fit with the data (SRMR = 0.03; RMSEA = 0.06). The results of the comparison of total fit and path coefficients among girls and boys also showed that the research model is same for both groups (p <0.11). Conclusion: In line with the career adaption model, the results of this study showed that a major part of the effects of social and emotional meta-capacities on the reduction of the incompatibility of career adaptive responses can be explained by the mobilization of psychosocial resources in the management of career related tasks, transitions and crises.

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Aim: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of core self-evaluation as a mediator between personality and career adaptability among all University of Isfahan’s bachelor students who were in the last two years of their education. Methods: The method applied was a correlational study analyzed by the structural equation modeling approach. Total of 401 participants were selected through stratified sampling (considering the gender and population of each field of study) among all University of Isfahan’s bachelor students who were in the last two years of their education. The Career adaptability scale (Savickas and Profeili, 2012), the core Self-evaluation scale (Judge & Durham, 2003), and the big five personality traits questionnaire (Mc-Crae & Costa, 2004) were applied to collect data. Results: Results indicated that core self-evaluation partially mediated the relationship between conscientiousness (p<0/001) and extraversion (p<0/001) with career adaptability. On the other hand, the relationship between career adaptability with openness to experience (p<0/05) and neuroticism (p<0/001) was indirect, and a direct relationship was noticed between career adaptability and agreeableness (p<0/02). Conclusion: Results of the current study confirm the importance of conscientiousness, extraversion, and core self-evaluations’ roles on increasing career adaptability of the students who will graduate in the upcoming years. Furthermore, it seems that it is necessary to plan for the programs which enhance students’ core self-evaluation that increases their career adaptability. Also, in planning these programs, individual's big five personality traits should be considered.

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  Abstract
Aim: Remarriage is a chance for people who have lost a spouse to re-experience cohabitation. The aim of this study was to provide a local model of satisfied remarriage. Methods: This research was conducted qualitatively using the grand theory approach in 2020. For this purpose, 21 couples living in Tehran who have had more than 3 years of remarriage were purposefully selected and surveyed using semi-structured interviews. Data were collected, recorded and then coded and classified into main categories.
Methods: This research was conducted qualitatively using the grand theory approach in 1399. For this purpose, 21 couples living in Tehran who have had more than 3 years of remarriage were purposefully selected and surveyed using semi-structured interviews. Data were collected, recorded and then coded and classified into main categories.
Results: The extracted concepts were classified into 107 sub-categories and 24 main categories. The main categories were divided into 6 general categories of causal factors, contextual, intervening, strategies, consequences and central category, and finally the central category was selected as "bilateral efforts to increase satisfaction and the continuation of remarriage.
 Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that creating a satisfying marriage depends on conscious choice and deep knowledge of each other, honesty and transparency about the issues of the former life and the current marital relationship, and finally a two-way effort to create a lasting life. And this model provided for a stable and satisfied remarriage can be a model and a path for couples. Counselors and psychologists can also help the health of families and the community by designing and implementing appropriate programs based on this model in premarital counseling and couple therapy to increase the duration of remarriage and reduce the number of divorces and the resulting injuries

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 Aim: The development of an integrated model of counseling on growth with an emphasis on how to face the process of time and the responsibility of existence in accordance with the intellectual horizon of the referents in Islamic culture is the aim of this research, which is necessary based on the emphasis on cultural psychology. Methods:The method of this research is the use of Schleiermacher's classical hermeneutics, which has been integrated by examining the selected theories step by step, and has been put into a format suitable for Islamic thought. The method of interpretation in this method is done using the grammatical and technical features of the text and is classified in the form of partial and general interpretation. The integration model is obtained with the method of inductive and deductive logic, finally deals with the purpose, techniques and treatment process in a practical and practical attitude while having the basics and principles. Findings: The findings show that the foundations of the formed pattern include the basis of perfection with principles (contradiction, desire for perfection, agency, hierarchy of existence, service, regularity and continuous creation, orientation and purposefulness); The basis of unity with principles (completion, connection of parts, acceptance and integration, fixed truth, immutability of the rules and causality of existence, balance and compatibility), the basis of immortality with principles (the desire to return to the origin, spatiality, temporality of existence, temporal integration, death, existential rotation). It is based on purposefulness with principles (leadership, power of creation, administration and continuity of existence, comprehensiveness). which is in accordance with the principles and principles with the ultimate goal, techniques and treatment process.Conclusion: The integrated developmental model in combination with the Islamic horizon in the hermeneutic way is a new model that can be efficient in creating harmony with the intellectual foundations of the clientes and without creating conflicting discourses, it can expand the intellectual horizon of the reference and specify a path and meaning for him.

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 Aim: The transition from university to work is one of the most sensitive periods in the lives of the educated, which can be a challenging or a relatively calm developmental stage. Therefore, the quality the type of this transition can affect the future career path as well as other life transitions. The purpose of the current research is to identify the challenges of the transition of students from university to work in the form of developing a native theoretical model. Methods: This research was conducted qualitatively using the grounded theory in 1401 .Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 undergraduate and graduates of the University of Isfahan using the method of purposive sampling, considering the rule of saturation. Findings: The results indicated the identification of 52 concepts and 15 categories. The model of the challenges of transitioning from university to work were compiled into 1. Causal conditions: Weakness in basic skills, self-awareness, psychological capitals, incompatibility of the individual characteristics with the field, low adaptability, lack of work experience; 2. Contextual conditions: Lack of environmental support, geographical location, imbalance between the supply and demand of the field in society; 3. Intervening conditions: Networking behavior; 4. Strategies: Skill training in a job unrelated to the field, education without a goal in postgraduate studies, willingness to migrate; and 5. The consequences: Individual, and social consequences. Conclusion: The results indicate that the challenges of students' transition from university to work are classified into two general categories: Challenges related to lack of preparedness (intrapersonal) and environmental factors (extra-personal). Therefore, the successful transition from university to work can be seen as dependent on two general factors: Intrapersonal (preparedness) and extra-personal (environment. ( The sum of these factors is effective in preparing students for transition .Specialists can help in preparing and the successful transition of students from university to work and in preventing unemployment and its resulting harms.

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Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of employment pathology in undergraduate counseling graduates. Methods: The present study is qualitative and has been done by content analysis method. The study population was undergraduate counseling graduates in which 15 people were selected as a sample by targeted and snowball methods. Sampling continued until the data reached saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. After the initial coding, the topics were analyzed and the categories were categorized. Findings: The analysis of the findings of the semi-structured interview led to the extraction of 2 main themes, 6 sub-themes and 23 sub-themes on employment challenges from 88 codes. The main themes are intrapersonal challenges and extrapersonal challenges; Intrapersonal challenges include two sub-themes: personality issues and cognitive issues, and interpersonal challenges include four sub-themes: economic issues, educational issues, socio-cultural issues, and professional issues. Conclusion: Findings obtained from the sub-themes of cognitive and personality issues show that it is important to know the different dimensions of the field of study at the time of choosing it and personality traits in choosing and finding a suitable job appropriate to their field of study. The results obtained from the sub-topics of external challenges also show that the unhealthy economic situation and livelihood problems on the failure to achieve a job commensurate with education, poor quality and non-practical education in the undergraduate course, lack of diversity in related jobs, the difficulty of the counseling profession and the time consumption are obstacles that make it difficult for graduates of this field at the undergraduate level to be employed in more suitable jobs.

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      Aim: The purpose of this study is to identify and determine the level of factors affecting career networking behavior. Methods: This research is mixed research with a qualitative-quantitative approach. Library search was used to examine the theoretical foundations, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and questionnaires were used to collect the ideas of academic experts. Theme analysis was used to identify factors. In the qualitative part, 15 people were selected from the managers of government organizations in Qom province with the purposeful sampling method in order to identify the factors. In the qualitative part, 14 people were selected from the professors of Farabi Campus and Qom University with the snowball sampling method in order to validate the factors and also compare the factors two by two. Results: Based on the findings of the present research, 31 codes were categorized into 8 factors. The validity of all the factors was confirmed with the Lawshe’s coefficient and the interpretive structural modeling method was used in order to level 8 factors. Finally, 8 factors were prioritized in 5 levels; Customized appointments and mendacious personal branding on the first level, creating toxic communication networks on the second level, distrust of employees to mechanisms on the third level, decision-making by advocacy groups on the fourth level, inefficient supervision, unclear rules and regulations and senior management style were placed at the fifth level. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, each of the factors related to career networking can lead to the success of employees in career promotion. Therefore, it is necessary for the managers of the organization to maintain effective human resources by using appropriate mechanisms in order to improve the growth and development of competent employees.