Journal of Counseling Research

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i The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of attachment styles and parenting styles on self-actualization with mediating role of personality characters in students of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research of Khuzestan. 360 students (174 girls, 132 boys) were selected by simple random sampling method. The instruments included Simpson Attachment Inventory, Zaynali Inventory, NEO-FFI and Ahwas Self- Actualization Inventory. Fitness of the proposed model was examined through Structural Eqmation Modeling (SEM), using SPSS- 18 and Amas-18 Software packes. Indirect hypothesis were tested by bootstrap procedure. The results showed that the proposed model fit the data. Better fit and more meaningful results obtained by omittinh 1 nonsignificant path (authoritative style to openness) and using AMOS modification indices. Results related to indirect effects showed that indirect paths were significant except 3 indirect paths (secure attachment style to self–actualization through conscientiousness, unsecure attachment style to self–actualization through neuroticism and authoritative style to self–actualization through conscientiousness).

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Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was comparing parenting styles of parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Method: This was a causal-comparative research. The statistical population of this research includes the whole parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder in Shiraz city that among them, 90 subjects (49 parents of children with autism spectrum disorders and 50 parents of children without autism spectrum disorders) were selected as a sample size. Sample of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder were selected by available sampling and sample of parents of children without autism spectrum disorder were selected by multistage random sampling method. Parenting styles questioner (Robinson et al., 1995) was used for measuring of parenting styles. Data were analyzed using MANOVA. Results: results showed that the authoritarian's Parenting style of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder significantly are more than the parents of children without autism spectrum disorders and authoritative parenting style of parents of children without autism spectrum disorder significantly are more than of parents of children with autism spectrum disorders(P<0.001) and in permissive's parenting styles there was no significant differences between parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder (p>0/05). Conclusion: According to the finding of this research, designing and implementing of parenting styles workshops for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder is necessary.

Keywords: Parenting Styles, Parents, Children, Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Purpose: This study was carried out in order to compare and examine the effect of Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) training and Parent Management Training (PMT) on the children’s behavioral problems and the parents’ parenting style.

Methods: The present research was a quasi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest-follow up design with a control group. The study population consisted of all children with behavioral problems and their parents, in the elementary schools in city of Sanandaj in 2016.  Ninety individuals were selected through multi-steps random sampling method. Participants  were administered Conners Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (1990) and the Alabama Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ - 1996) in three phases. Parent management training was done in twelve 40-60 minute sessions, while positive parentling was done in eight 2 hour sessions, both for the two experimental groupsResults: In comparison to Triple P training method, PMT method had a higher effect on conduct, pro-social, psychosomatic, and shame-anxiety problems (p<0.01). PMT treatment had a higher effect on each dimension of positive parenting, warmth and involvement, physical coercion, and poor supervision, compared to Triple P treatment (p<0.01). After one month, the results of the follow-up indicated that there was a difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of behavioral problems and parenting style, and the effectiveness of the two treatment methods on behavioral problems and positive parenting was maintained after one month (p<0.01). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that PMT method had a higher effect on behavioral problems, and Triple P had a higher effect on dimensions of parenting. These results are useful for psychotherapists and counselors with regard to selecting the type of intervention.

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Aim : This study aimed to investigating the role of Satisfaction with family life and the Quality of family life in the Anxiety and depression in children and other objective was to test the mediating role of parenting stress.
Methods: For this purpose 499 parents of female students were selected by random cluster sampling. They completed the Kansas Family Life Satisfaction Scale Family, Quality of Family Life Scale, Parenting Stress Index - Short Form and  Rutter Child Behavior Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling.
Results: The results of data analysis showed all paths Satisfaction with family life and the Quality of family life to Anxiety and depression has been significant and negative.
Conclusion: Parenting stress played a mediating role and was a good model fit indices. Either Focus on Quality factors created in family life and Reduce parenting stress to Reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression in children.

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Aim: Ethics, that is, a permanent endurance of good moral qualities in the form of "Manesh" in human beings, which can not be achieved through mere moral education. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to obtain an ethics-based approach to parenting. Methods: For this purpose, in the first part of the study, we examined and explained the definition and principles of ethics- based training from the perspective of Allameh Tabataba'i with hermeneutic research method and in the last part, practical paths for internalizing morality in children were presented. Results: The findings showed that principles of ethics-based training contains of 5  affirmative axis : “Moral stability”, “communicability of action”, “awareness”, “ being Practical Man” , “ motivation” and 2 underlie axis include of: “inheritance of ethics” , “ peripheral communicability “.Conclusion:  This principles can be applied for presenting the Parenting model with the centrality of Manesh Training.

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Aim: This research investigates the effectiveness of mindful parenting training on mental health and parenting competence for mothers of children with special needs. Methods: This quasi-experimental research was performed using pretest/post-test and control group and statistical population included all of the mothers of children with special needs in Dezful who were studying at exceptional schools during the years 2016-2017. A total of 49 mothers were selected through convenience sampling method and  put into two experimental (25) and control (24) groups. control group. The pretest was implemented for both groups. The experimental group had nine 90-minute educational classes about mindful parenting. Following the educational classes,  the post-test was implemented. The surveys used in this research included Symptoms Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Findings: The results indicated the effectiveness of mindful parenting training on mental health and parenting competence on mothers of children with special needs (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This method is effective and useful to improve the mental health of families with children with special needs.

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Aim: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based parenting training on parenting styles of mothers with mentally retarded children. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group study. The study population consisted of all the mothers of mentally retarded children attending exceptional elementary school in Bojnord between 2018 and 2019. Twenty-four volunteer mothers were selected and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received acceptance and commitment-based parenting training, and the control group did not receive any training. The Baumrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire was used in this study. The data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance. Findings: results showed that acceptance and commitment based parenting training increased authoritative parenting style and decreased permissive parenting style (p≤0/01). Moreover, acceptance and commitment-based parenting training did not have significant effect on authoritarian parenting style (p≥0/05). Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment-based parenting training can improve parenting styles of mothers with mentally retarded children.

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The present research aimed at investigating the relationship between upbringing methods and children's happiness with the mediating role of parents' self-compassion among junior high school students in Tehran in the school year of 2018-2019. The study employed descriptive-correlational methodology. The population included junior high-school students with their mothers living in Tehran. 384 students along with their mothers were selected through multistage clustering method. Three questionnaires were used in this study: Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Baumrind's Parenting Style questionnaire, and Neff's Self-compassion questionnaire.
The collected data was analyzed through Path Analysis and Lisrel. The results showed that the mediating role of parenting style was not significant with respect to the relationship between self-compassion and children's happiness (p>0/05). However, the direct effects of three variables, self-compassion, dictatorial parenting, and strict parenting were found to be meaningful (p<0/05).
The direction effect of dictatorial style on happiness was negative. The direction effect of self-compassion and strict style on happiness was positive. The aforementioned variables predict 49% of the score variance in happiness.
 

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Amin: The purpose of this research is to identify the positive changes and growth of mothers in different dimensions after adopting the role of parenting.Method: This qualitative research was conducted using the thematic analysis approach. The studied population is equal to the participants of the research, it included couples who have lived for at least 7 years and have at least one 2-year-old child, are relatively satisfied with their lives, live in Tehran and participated in the research with their consent. The participants were selected from eligible clients through targeted sampling and available methods. The sampling process continued until theoretical saturation was reached and finally 18 participants were studied through interviews. Results: According to the results of the research, mothers believe that since the birth of a child, they experience changes in personal, marital and social relations; So that the personal dimensions include: the expansion of responsibility, the expansion of self-concept and patience; Also, the developments that we witness in the marital relationship include intimacy, enrichment of marital cohesion, consolidation of boundaries and creation of parental identity, and finally, the developments of social relations include revision of the social role and expansion of the bond with the family of origin. Conclusions: Having children creates positive changes in mothers in personal, marital, social-cultural dimensions, which increases the satisfaction of the couple relationship.