Showing 19 results for Well-Being
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Volume 13, Issue 52 (1-2015)
Abstract
The purpose of this present study is the effectiveness of acceptance/commitment training on psychological well-being, emotional and marital satisfaction .The method of this experimental study is pretest-posttest with the control group. Population was the all of the applicants (male or female) as the ones who referred to the city branches Court from April 2014 to September 2014 in Ardabil in order to divorce. 40 patients (20 patients per group) were selected by the available method and they were replaced randomly in both experimental and control group. Data were collected by emotional well-being scale, psychological well-being scale and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaires. For analyzing the data, we used multivariate ANCOVA (MANCOVA). The results of this study showed that acceptance/commitment training on psychological, emotional well-being and marital satisfaction is effective .In general, individual goes towards the awareness of feelings, inner experiences and accepting them and the suitable using of them by acceptance/commitment training instead of ignoring emotions and individual experiences. This study can create subjective (psychological) emotional well-being and consequently it causes to increase marital satisfaction.
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Volume 14, Issue 53 (4-2015)
Abstract
Ali Sheykholeslami, Ph.D - Hosein Ghamari Qivi, Ph.D - Masood Moradi, Ph.D - Yosra Mohammadi, M.A The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of gestalt therapy on quality of life and psychological well-being of mothers of children with intellectual disability. The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design, with control group. The statistical population of this study included all mothers of children with intellectual disability in well-being organization centers in city ofArdabil in the year 2014-15. At first, one center that was accessible was selected. Then, from among mothers with children at this center 30 mothers were selected through simple random sampling which were randomly assigned to the treatment group (15 individuals) and control group (15 individuals). The treatment group received group gestalt therapy in 10 sessions. Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire and Quality of Life Questionnaire (World Health Organization) were used for gathering data. Data were analyzed by multivariable co-variance test. Findings confirmed the research hypothesis about the effectiveness of group gestalt therapy on psychological well-being and quality of life of mothers of children with intellectual disability. In conclusion, group gestalt therapy seems to have asignificant effect on increasing the psychological well-being and quality of life of mothers of children with intellectually disability.
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Volume 14, Issue 55 (10-2015)
Abstract
T Hosein Ghamari Qivi , Ali Sheykholeslami , Zahra Adel Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on anger and psychological well-being of aggressive girls. Method: The research methodology was semi-experimental with pretest and posttest design with control group. The statistical population of study included all the prisoners in the women’s ward of the Central Prison in Ardabil, Iran, in the year 2014. Total of 30 participants with high scores on Spielbergers’ state-trait anger expression inventory were selected using simple random sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 persons each). The experimental group received 8 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Spielbergers’ state-trait anger expression inventory and psychological well-being questionnaire were used to gather data. Collected data was analyzed by multivariable co-variance test. Results: Findings indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy seemed to have an effect on anger and psychological well-being of aggressive girls, such that the participants in the experimental group showed significantly lowered levels of anger and higher psychological well-being when compared with those in the control group. Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy seems to have a significant effect by decreasing the level of anger and to increase the psychological well-being in girls with high levels of aggressiveness.
Hoda Holakouei, Dr Mohammad Mostafavi, Monireh Nasimi,
Volume 17, Issue 66 (7-2018)
Abstract
The study aims at investigating the relationship between the cognitive constructs of those who crave for marriage and those who elude marriage and psychological well-being and meaning of life. This is a descriptive research conducted using the correlational method. The statistical sample includes 106 people either eluding or craving for marriage, who were selected by simple random sampling method. The data collection tools used in this study included the researcher-made questionnaire of marriage approach, Reef's Psychological Well-being Questionnaire, the Questionnaire of Desire for Marriage, and Steger's Meaning in Life Questionnaire. In terms of the purpose, this is a fundamental research with applied implications and has been conducted in two steps. First, it has begun by collecting qualitative data to design the marriage approach scale in two stages, with the qualitative method used in the first stage and the correlational method used in the second stage. The research data were collected in the first stage using the qualitative method based on theories and using in-depth interviews with two groups of people, one eluding marriage and the other craving for marriage. Having made the questionnaire in the second stage, we evaluated its validity and reliability (using Lawshe's model to evaluate its validity and using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient to evaluate its reliability). The statistical analysis of the second research question showed that the coefficient of the correlation between psychological well-being and marriage approach did not exceed 0.85. Therefore, there is no multicolinearity between the variables (p>0.05), and no significant association was observed in any one of the cases between psychological well-being and the marriage approach, and thus the research hypothesis is rejected. The statistical analysis of the third research question showed that, regardless of the total score of psychological well-being, the coefficient of the correlation between the meaning of life and marriage approach did not exceed 0.85. Therefore, there is no multicolinearity between the variables (p>0.05). On the other hand, the results showed that the search for meaning in life has no significant relationship with any one of the dimensions of psychological well-being (p>0.05), but the presence of meaning in life has a significant positive relationship with all dimensions of psychological well-being (p<0.05).
Mis Behnaz Peyvasteh, Dr. Gholamreza Dehshiri, Dr. Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi,
Volume 17, Issue 67 (10-2018)
Abstract
Purpose: This research administrated with the goal of studying the trend of changes in marital satisfaction, sexual satisfaction and subjective well-being in the first 5 years of marital life. Method: So, 200 married women of Sari City aged 40-16 years were selected using convenience sampling. They answered to the scales The Index of Sexual Satisfaction-short‐form, Relationship Assessment scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire-short form. Results: The results indicated that marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction decreased by linear trend in the first five years of married life, while life satisfaction and happiness decreased by quadratic nonlinear in the first three years of marital life of women, then gradually increases. Conclusion: Focus on the underlying causes of marital satisfaction and sexual satisfaction can guarantee to increase life satisfaction and happiness and lead to continuation of marriage in later years of the couple's life.
Gholamreza Nasiri, Mahmoud Najafi, Siavash Talepasand, Shahrokh Makvand Hosseini,
Volume 18, Issue 70 (7-2019)
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy and cognitive behavior therapy on well-being and depression and in adolescents with depression symptoms
Method: This was a quasi-experiment with pretest /posttest method and control group. Study sample included all the adolescents with depression who referred to counseling centers and psychiatric services in sari, Iran, in the year 2017. 51 patients were selected using random sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The positive psychotherapy experimental group was under treatment within 10 sessions, and the cognitive behavior experimental therapy was under treatment within 8 sessions, each session of 90 minutes weekly, while the control group received no treatment. The data collecting instruments used in this study were children´s depression inventory (CDI) and Riff´s psychological well-being questionnaire (RSPWB).Findings: Data analysis by using multivariate covariance method showed that both positive psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy had significant effects on increasing well-being but the efficiency of positive psychotherapy in increasing well-being was more significant compared to cognitive behavioral therapy. Also, in the analysis the two methods of psychotherapies on depression, there has been a significant difference between the control and the experiment groups. While the two therapetical approaches were equally effective in reducing depression. Conclusion: Due to emphasis on the different psychological aspects and some common treating features, the two therapetical models of positive psychotherapy and cognitive behavior therapy were equally effective in reducing depression. But positive psychotherapy is more effective than cognitive behavioral therapy in increasing psychological well-being. So, as one of the clinical interventions, positive psychotherapy can be used by experts and school counselors.
Ataullah Farhadi, Hassan Amiri, Saeedeh Sadat Hosseini,
Volume 18, Issue 71 (10-2019)
Abstract
Aim: This study was to examine the effectiveness of education for parent with Adlerian approach in reducing feeling of guilt and improving psychological well-being in children with depression. The method of this research was quasi experimental with pre-test/post-test design, with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all sixth-grade students in elementary school of Kamyaran, Kurdistan, Iran during the academic year 2017-2018. Using randomized cluster sampling, two schools (for boys and girls) were selected and 60 parents whose children showed signs of depression were placed into experimental and control groups. The experimental group went through 8 ninety-minute sessions of parent education with Adlerian approach. In both groups, parents’ children answered two questionnaires that were designed based on Ryff’s psychological well-being scales (2002) and Izonk’s guilt and shame scales (2007). The data was analyzed with mixed-design analysis of variance. Accordingly, the findings have shown that the average scores of post-test and follow-up of the feelings of guilt for students in theexperimental group decreased and their psychological well-being improved significantly. Therefore, parent education that employs Adlerian approach has been effective in decreasing guilt in depressed children and improving their psychological well-being
Dr Mohammadreza Abedi, , Dr Parisa Nilfrooshan,
Volume 19, Issue 73 (6-2020)
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between work meanings and subjective well-being through job satisfaction in Isfahan Oil Refining Company Staff. Methods: In this study, 280 stuff members at Esfahan Oil Refinery were selected through sampling of quotas. The participants took job satisfaction, subjective well-being, and work meaning questionnaires. For the data analysis, the descriptive statistics method and structural equation modeling were used. The mediating role were tested via bootstrapping test. Findings: The results showed that job orientation and career orientation directly influence subjective well-being. Job orientation has significant negative effect on subjective well-being (p<0.05), and career orientation has significant positive effect on subjective well-being (p<0.001). Calling orientation has indirect effect on subjective well-being through job satisfaction (p<0.01). The mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between job and career orientation with subjective well-being was not significant. Conclusions: Overall, the findings showed that amongst different meanings of work, providing daily living expenses and to progress, has direct influence on subjective well-being, while career mission through work satisfaction has an indirect effect on subjective well-being.
Mr Ahmad Arabzadeh, Mr Mansour Sodani, Mrs Mehrangiz Shoa Kazemi, Mr Masoud Shahbazi,
Volume 19, Issue 73 (6-2020)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy on resilience and psychological well-being of couples referring to Bushehr counseling centers. Methods: This study was performed on 3 couples (6 people) who were selected through voluntary and purposeful sampling. Data collection tools were Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale (1989). Data were analyzed by visual mapping, reliable change index and recovery percentage formula. Findings: Dialectical behavioral therapy was able to increase the couple's resilience (83.19% recovery), which lasted for three months until the end of the follow-up period (71% improvement). Also, dialectical behavioral therapy was able to increase the psychological well-being of couples (44.28% improvement) which was permanent until the end of the three-month follow-up period (69.83% improvement). The sustainable change index also indicated a significant change (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The results of clinical analysis of significance showed the effectiveness and importance of dialectical behavioral therapy intervention in enhancing couple resilience and psychological well-being of troubled couples and the mentioned variable could explain high rate of resilience and psychological well-being in maladaptive conditions.
Fatemeh Tabrizi, Mohammad Ghamari, Saiedeh Bazzazian,
Volume 19, Issue 75 (12-2020)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of group therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment with integrating Acceptance and Commitment therapy and compassion Focus Therapy on the psychological well-being of divorced women.The research method was quasi-experimental based on a pre-test, post-test design and follow-up with control group. The statistical population were divorced women who were referred to Ameneh Family Counselling Center in Tehran, during of 2016-2017 years. The sample included 32 divorced women who were selected by available and purposive sampling method in three group (2 experimental groups and 1 control group) including12 persons in each group. The first experimental group was received 10 sessions of ACT techniques and second experimental group was received 10 sessions of CFACT techniques (weekly 120 minutes’ sessions), but the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instrument was Reyf’s Psychological well-being Scale (RSPWB). Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance with repeated measures. The results indicated that both Acceptance and Commitment therapy and integration of ACT with CFT on psychological well-being of divorced women were significantly effective. Also efficacy of CFACT on increasing of psychological well-being divorced women was better than ACT. Regarding the findings, the use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy And integration of ACT with CFT is an effective treatment for promoting of psychological well-being of divorced women.
Keywords: Acceptance and commitment therapy, Compassion focus therapy, Psychological well-being, Divorced women
Fatemeh Mahmoudi, Mohammad Reza Beliad, Masoumeh Jian Bagheri, Mehdi Shah Nazari, Kianoosh Zahrakar,
Volume 20, Issue 77 (5-2021)
Abstract
Aim: Students are one of the most talented and promising segments of society and future builders of their country, and their level of health and psychological well-being will have a significant impact on learning and increasing their scientific awareness and academic success. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate a structural model of psychological well-being based on negative life events and mindfulness with emphasis on the mediating role of coping styles. Methods: The method of conducting the present study was descriptive correlational of structurequational type. The statistical population of the study were the undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran, 365 of whom participated through cluster sampling. They responded to questionnaires on negative life events, mindfulness, coping styles, and psychological well-being. The reliability and validity of the instruments were confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis. To analyze the data, structural equation method was used with Amos software. Results: The results showed that the effect of negative life events on the problem-oriented style and psychological well-being is negative and significant. The effect of mindfulness on the problem-oriented style and psychological well-being is positive and significant. The effect of problem-oriented style on psychological well-being is positive and significant. The mediating role of problem-focused coping style in the relationship between negative life events and mindfulness with psychological well-being is meaningful Conclusion: The results showed that the model presented among the students of Shahid Beheshti University has a good fit and confirmed the role of the variables of negative life events, mindfulness and problem-oriented coping style in psychological well-being.
Seyed Mohsen Hojatkhah, Iman Mesbah, Azar Parvaneh,
Volume 20, Issue 78 (8-2021)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group counseling based on Lazarus multimodal approach on psychological well-being of rural male students. Methods: This was a semi-experimental study including pre-test and post-test design, with control group. The study population included all male high school students in rural areas of city of Andimeshk in Iran. Thirty students were chosen through cluster sampling method who obtained the total score lower than average on the psychographic well-being scale, and randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15). The experimental group received 8 ninety-minute weekly sessions of multimodal counseling. The research instrument included the short form of Ryff Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. At the end of the sessions, post-test was performed for both groups. Data were analyzed by the analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that there is significant difference between experimental and control groups in measures of psychological well-being (p>0/001). The final achievement of this study was the effectiveness of group counseling based on Lazarus multimodal approach on increasing the psychological well-being of male students. Conclusion: In general, the research findings indicate the role and importance of multimodal therapy in increasing psychological well-being.
Amir Keshavarzi, Mehdi Zare Bahramabadi, Shohre Shiroudi, Seyed Ali Hoseini Al-Madani,
Volume 20, Issue 79 (10-2021)
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion focused couple therapy on mental well-being and performance of maladapted couple referred to counselling centers. Methods: the present study had a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest, and a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all incompatible couples (n=30 couples) who had referred to counseling centers in shiraz in 1397, which were selected through available sampling method. Out of these 30 couples, 15 couples were randomly substituted as experimental group and 15 couples as control groups; and individuals in both groups were evaluated using questionnaires before performing the intervention in the experimental group. Data collection tools included the Great Oral and Magyar-Moe Welfare Family Performance Scale, the experimental group received ten 90-minute sessions of emotional treatment, while the control group did not receive any treatments. Data were analyzed by one–way analysis of covariance. Findings: The results of one-way analysis of covariance on the mean scores of post-test of mental well-being and family dysfunction of experimental and control groups with pre- test control, respectively (p<0.0001, F=40.77) and (p<0.0001, F=172.59), which indicates the significance of the effect of emotion-focused couple therapy. Conclusion: The analysis showed the effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy in increasing mental well-being and performance of conflicted couples.
Dr. Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi,
Volume 20, Issue 80 (3-2022)
Abstract
Aim: The current study was done with the aim of investigating the role of marital virtues in promoting well-being and coping with marital burnout of married men and women living in Tehran. The research method is descriptive and correlation. Methods: For this purpose, 290 married people (152 women and 138 men) were selected through convenient sampling. For data collection, the researcher-made Marital Virtues Scale, the Well-being Scale WHO-5 (2012), and Marital Burnout Scale (Pines, 1996) were administrated. Data were analyzed using correlation and stepwise regression tests. Results: The findings showed that there was a significant positive correlation between all marital virtues’ subscales and the well-being and there was a negative significant correlation between all marital virtues’ subscales and marital burnout. Also, the results showed the virtues of fairness, tolerance, love, and empathy can explain 13% of the variance of well-being (F=14.68, p <.001) and the virtues of fairness, foresight and precaution, love, and empathy can explain 33% of the variance of marital burnout (F=47.06, p <.001). Conclusion: The cultivation of moral virtues over time can predict well-being in couples and could be considered as a strategy to deal with marital burnout.
Sima Lofnezhadafshar, Reza Khakpuor, Farideh Dokaneei Fard,
Volume 21, Issue 81 (5-2022)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to present a structural model for predicting psychological well-being based on family performance, optimism and resilience mediated by social adequacy and academic self-efficacy in students. Methods: The method of this study was descriptive-correlation with structural equation model. From the students of Allameh Tabatabaei Campus in Urmia (women’s branch) and Shahid Rajaei Campus in Urmia (male’s branch) using convenient sampling method, 250 individuals were selected and psychological well-being questionnaires (Reef, 1989), McMaster family performance (Epstein et al., (1990), complemented optimism (life orientation) (Shearer and Carver, 1985), resilience (Connor and Davidson, 2003), social adequacy (Flanner, 1990), and academic self-efficacy (Patrick et al., 1997) were administered. Findings: The results showed that the structural model has an acceptable fit with the collected data. Resilience, optimism, social adequacy and academic self-efficacy were positively and significantly and family performance was negatively and significantly (p <0.01) predicting psychological well-being. Social adequacy and academic self-efficacy mediate positively and significantly (p <0.01) the relationship between resilience and optimism, and negatively and significantly (p <0.01) the relationship between family performance and psychological well-being. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that the educational vitality of the educational program can be a good executive strategy to increase academic self-efficacy, psychological well-being, optimism, resilience and social adequacy of students.
Fatemeh Hashemi, Ph.d Hossein Keshavarz Afshar, Ph.d Masoud Gholam Ali Lavasani,
Volume 21, Issue 83 (10-2022)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of cognitive emotion regulation mediators in the relationship between domestic violence, attachment styles and women's psychological well-being. Methods: All married women in Tehran in 1400 formed the statistical population of the present study, from which 360 people were selected by available sampling method. To collect data from the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnesgi and Craig, 2006), Psychological Well-Being (Reef 1995), Adult Attachment (Collins and Reed, 1990), and Domestic Violence (Sherin, Cena, Core, Lee, Zitter, & Shaquille, 1998). ) became. Data were analyzed by path analysis and SPSS software version 25 and PLS version 3.3. Findings: The results showed that the direct effect of faith attachment on women's psychological well-being was significant (p <0.05). Direct protective attachment and domestic violence are not compromised strategies (p <0.05). The direct effect of uncompromising strategies on women's psychological well-being is significant (p <0.05). Uncompromised strategies play a mediating role in the relationship between caring attachment style and women's psychological well-being (p <0.05). The direct effect of adapted strategies on women's psychological well-being is not significant (p <0.05). The direct environment of attachment, secure attachment and domestic violence is significant on adapted strategies (p <0.05). Adapted strategies do not mediate the relationship between attachment style, domestic violence and women's psychological well-being (p <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, their psychological well-being can be increased by strengthening secure attachment and teaching women cognitive regulation strategies.
Morteza Espanani, Proffesor Mohammadreza Abedi, Doctor Parisa Nilfrooshan,
Volume 21, Issue 84 (12-2022)
Abstract
Aim: Aim the present stady was aimed at compareing the effects of career counseling methed based on Holland`s theory, social cognitive career theory, and solution-focused counseling on career well-being of high school students in Isfahan city. Methods: The research methodology was, semi- experimental method with pre-test design post- test is and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of all secondary school students in Isfahan was in the 98-97 academic year. The sampling was done in three steps. using simple random sampling, 10 subjects were selected for each group. Based on this, 3 experimental groups of boys with a control group and 3 experimental groups of girls with a control group were formed. Findings: The results indicated that, there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding (p<0/001) the career well-being. The difference between the grades of the eight groups indicated that the interventions based on the career counseling based on Holland`s theory, social cognitive, and solution-focused on necessity objective square tests occupational autonomy professional growth positive organizational relationships. Conclusion: The counseling method of social cognitive career and circuit - oriented solution is more effective in counseling with students.
Kiiumars Farahbakhsh, Akram Motaharinasab, Ahmad Borjali, Noorali Farrokhi,
Volume 22, Issue 85 (3-2023)
Abstract
Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of developing and validating the model of marital satisfaction in pandemics and investigating its effectiveness on psychological well-being being during the coronavirus pandemic. Methods: In this research, a mixed research method was used (in the qualitative part, the systematic method of grounded theory and in the quantitative part, the semi-experimental method and single-subject method with AB design). The research participants in the qualitative part were 24 married women (12 with marital satisfaction and 12 without marital satisfaction) who were selected by following the necessary criteria and the purposive sampling method until data saturation was reached. The target population in the quantitative section was married women aged 25 to 55 with children aged 6 to 13 in Tehran, 3 of whom were selected by purposive sampling and participated in the intervention. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, The ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (EMS) Scale (1993) and Ryff Psychological Well-being (PWB) Questionnaire (1988). The data were analyzed in the qualitative part, using the Strauss and Corbin constant comparison analysis method (in three stages of open, axial and selective coding and in the quantitative part, based on visual analysis indicators. Findings: Data analysis in the qualitative section led to the identification of 79 open codes and 26 axial codes and 4 selective codes including: “communication needs; Personality characteristics; social factors and behavioral strategies". After integrating the categories, the model of marital satisfaction during the coronavirus pandemic was developed and its content validity was confirmed. The results of the research in the quantitative part showed the effectiveness of the model-based intervention on psychological well-being. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present research, the extracted model can be used to conduct counseling interventions in the fields of couple and family to facilitate adaptation to similar crises.
Fatemeh Mahmoudi, Mohammadreza Beliad, Masoumeh Jian Bagheri, Mehdi Shah Nazari, Kianoosh Zahrakar,
Volume 22, Issue 88 (12-2023)
Abstract
Aim: Paying attention to the level of health and psychological well-being of students as the most important future-makers of the country is of great importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate and present a predictive model of their psychological well-being based on mindfulness mediated by coping styles. Methods: The method of this study was descriptive-correlational which was done by structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the study included undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran (Iran), three hundred sixty five of whom participated in the study through cluster sampling. In order to collect data, mindfulness, coping styles and psychological well-being questionnaires were used. The reliability and validity of the instruments were confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis. To analyze the data, structural equation method was used with Amos software. Findings: The results of this study showed that the effect of mindfulness on problem-oriented style and psychological well-being is significantly positive, but its effect on emotion-oriented style and avoidance style is significantly negative. The effect of problem-oriented style on psychological well-being is positive and significant, but the effect of emotion-oriented style and avoidance style on psychological well-being is not significant. Also, the mediating role of problem-oriented coping style about the effect of mindfulness on psychological well-being is significant. Conclusion: The results showed that the predictive model presented has a good fit and the variables of mindfulness and problem-oriented coping style are effective in psychological well-being.
